Modern Social Justice Movement - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 960 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/05 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Social Justice Essay Did you like this example? Have you ever thought of power and how it affects communities of color? When power is taken away, people are being systematically disenfranchised. Systematically disenfranchised means to purposely take power away from a community or person. For example communities of color have been through experiences like this, such as being treated unequal because of how they look. Communities of color are being systematically disenfranchised through unequal laws and by being criminalized. In order to reclaim power, a good thing to do is to protest. One way communities of color are being systematically disenfranchised is through laws such as the Jim Crow laws and the Arizona SB 1070. In the article What was Jim Crow laws? it talks about the Jim Crow laws of 1877 which were laws that segregated white people and people of color. In this article it states A black male could not offer his hand with a white male because it implied being socially equal. This could lead to conflict because the rights of people of color were being taken away making it bad to interact with other communities of people. This law affects communities of color a lot, however another law that also affect them is the Arizona SB 1070 law. The article Arizona once feared immigration law talks about the Arizona SB 1070 law of 2010 also known as the Arizona immigration law. This law was a law that allowed the police to detain or arrest someone with the suspension of them not being in the U.S legally because of the way they look. In the article it states If officers suspect that a person is here illegally they have the right to call immigration and send them to detention . Unlike someone in the white community who would not be pulled over for the way they look. Other communities especially the latino community would have to live in constant fear of being arrested simply because of their appearance. This shows that communities of color are being systematically disenfranchised by laws and how they are affected by theses laws. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Modern Social Justice Movement" essay for you Create order Another way communities of color are being systematically disenfranchised is through criminalization. One way you see criminalization is through films. One film you see this take place is in the 1915 film Birth of a Nation by D.W.Griffith, H.E Aitken. This film criminalizes african americans making them look dangerous and as rapist. In the film it shows a girl jumping off a cliff rather than being raped by a black man. If many people watch this film then they would have an image of who they think african americans are, negatively affecting this community and causing them to lose their power and respect. Protest can make a big change especially to reclaim power to stop being systematically disenfranchised. There are many methods to protesting, but a really common method are marches. An article named The 9 biggest marches and protest in a American history by Leanna Garfield talks about the biggest and greatest marches in american history. Also it talks about how these marches were effective to what they were fighting for. In this article the most successful march was the march on washington for jobs and freedom where approximately 250,000 people participated in this 1963 civil right march in DC. The results of this would be to reclaim their power and to get back what was theirs which was their rights and freedom. Although the washington march was the most successful march in American History, the 1963 East LA walkout was the most successful and important walkout. Marching is a great method to be heard but so are walkouts. The article What is the significant of the 1963 East LA walkout it talks out this walkout or even movement that was created because of unequal education. According to this article it stated These organizations not only protested unfair conditions but also was introduced through legal representations.These walkouts also helped spread the Chicano movement of Mexican and Mexican American women. Unlike other movement that only fight for what they think is right this walkout inspired others to start a movement they believe would help this issue they thought was wrong and they didnt do it alone thanks to the help of the organization of this walkout. There are many more great and successful protest in this world. Protesting is a amazing method to be heard and get help from other movements but most of all to unite as one to get what you deserve and what you think is worth fighting for. Communities of color are being systematically disenfranchised through unequal laws and also through criminalization. In order to reclaim power a method that can make a change is protesting. Despite the fact that there are more ways that communities of colors are being systematically disenfranchised and we need to change this and instead of repeating the past we need to prevent it. In order to do this we need to stop sitting around and watching the news, instead take a stand for what we believe is unfair. African Americans should not be treated unequally because of their race , the Latino community shouldnt be scared to be pulled over because of how they look, and the LGBT community shouldnt have to be described as sick people because of their sexual orientation. Speak up, be heard and make a change! Its never to early or too late to make a change that can impact this world to have equal rights and make this world see that at the end of the day we are are who we are and no one can change that, we all should have equal rights and opportunities. As Bob Marley once said, stand up, Stand up for your rights. Get up, stand up, and dont give up a fight.

Child Protection Policy - 1362 Words

THE CHILD PROTECTION POLICY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATISTICS ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" NCR CAR REGION REGION REGION REGION REGION REGION REGION I II III IV-A IV-B V VI - - 59 1 4 2 4 22 3 0 1 ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" REGION REGION REGION REGION REGION REGION REGION VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII- 5 2 4 1 1 2 1 CHILD ABUSE AND RELATED COMPLAINTS REFERRED TO CENTRAL OFFICE AS OF AUGUST, 2010 TO PRESENT Physical, Verbal and Sexual Abuse and Violence inflicted by Teachers Other School Personnel A. 3 out of 10 children in Grades 1-3 and almost 5 out of 10 from high school experience physical violence (such as pinching and hitting) committed by teachers; B. Approximately 4 out of 10 children in Grades 1-3 and 7†¦show more content†¦It includes, but is not limited to the following acts: 1. 2. 3. 4. Physical violence Sexual violence Psychological violence Other acts of violence ï‚â€" â€Å"Corporal Punishment† - refers to a kind of punishment or penalty imposed for an alleged or actual offense, which is carried out or inflicted, for the purpose of discipline, training or control, by a teacher, school administrator, an adult, or any other child who has been given or has assumed authority or responsibility for punishment or discipline. ï‚â€" â€Å"Bullying or Peer Abuse† – refers to willful aggressive behavior that is directed towards a particular victim who may be out-numbered, younger, weak, with disability, less confident, or otherwise vulnerable, more particularly: a. Bullying b. Cyber-bullying 3. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF SCHOOLS ï‚â€" Ensure the institution of effective child protection policies and procedures and monitor compliance thereof; Ensure that the school adopts a child protection policy, organize and convene Child Protection Committee (CPC) for the school; Conduct the capacity building activities for the members of the CPC and Guidance Counselors/Teachers; Ensure that the participatory and other rights of children are respected and upheld in all matters and procedures affecting their welfare; Coordinate with appropriate offices and other agency orShow MoreRelatedchild protection policy1784 Words   |  8 Pageson Safeguarding Children (child protection) in November 2012 and am aware of the signs and symptoms of child abuse, physical, emotional and sexual, and those of neglect. This policy shall be shown to parents explaining my responsibilities, how I keep their child +-en) safe and what I will do should I ever have any concerns. Parents will be asked to sign this document as proof that they have read and understood it. I have also taken the time out to understand the policy and information around it.Read More British Child Protection Policies Essay2423 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Parliaments and their members can and should be among the foremost champions of child protection. They can legislate, oversee government activity, allocate financial resources and, as leaders within their nations and communities, raise awareness of issues and provide advocacy.† Historic Perspective The end of the 19th century saw a raising concern with the cruelty inflicted to children by their guardians, that was expressed in the public campaigns carried out by the NationalRead MoreBenefits Of A Vacation Time1350 Words   |  6 Pageswill be unpaid. IRSC BAS Inc. also offers our employees $20,000 a year for four years to help pay college tuition. The college or university will bill IRSC BAS Inc. every semester. The company has full access to grades and GPA. The fund policy is that an employee is required to achieve a C letter grade or higher for each class. After two consecutive semesters, if the associate receives lower than a C letter grade, funds will be reduced. After four semesters, if grades do not improve, theRead MoreThe Importance Of Sharing Information On Children2213 Words   |  9 Pagesinformation about children who are at risk of abuse or neglect. In some situations, sharing information with a family about their child could seem good practice, but it is not crucial e.g. where evidence of abuse or neglect could be destroyed or removed by a parent/carer or where a child could be placed at an increased risk when parents/carers have this knowledge. A schools policy on safeguarding children should be used as a guideline when sharing or handling information. Question: Question 6 Answer: ItRead MoreUnderstanding How to Safeguard Children and Young People Essay664 Words   |  3 Pagesthe United Kingdom along with home policies and procedures that affect the safeguarding of children and young people. Policies and procedures for safeguarding and child protection in England and Wales are the result of the Children Act 1989 and the Children Act 2004 brought more changes that affected the way the child protection system works here in the United Kingdom and so affecting the safeguarding of children and young people. Through the protection policies and procedures for safeguarding childrenRead MoreAn Analytical Comparison Between England And Florida s Child Protection1619 Words   |  7 Pagesanother part of the world. This assignment will begin by defining child protection. This will lead to an analytical comparison between England and Florida’s child protection approaches, structure of the system and possible practice issues. This will include will include relevant legislation and policies. Following this suggestions on the improvement of provisions and services will be made in accordance to the above findings. Child protection has been chosen for the focus of this assignment as this is aRead MoreOutline Current Legislation, Guidelines, Policies and Procedure Within Own Uk Home Nation Affecting the Safeguarding of Children and Young People766 Words   |  4 Pageslegislation, guidelines, policies and procedure within own UK Home Nation affecting the safeguarding of children and young people. Any individual who comes into contact with children in their daily line of work â€Å"has a duty to safeguard and promote the welfare of children†. Safeguarding means protecting and promoting the child’s welfare and putting measure in place to prevent abuse. Child protection is protecting a child where there is reason to believe that the child has suffered or are likelyRead MoreThe Main Current Legislation Guidelines Policies and Procedures Within Own Uk Home Nation for Safeguarding Children and Young People.1587 Words   |  7 PagesThe main current legislation guidelines policies and procedures within own UK home nation for safeguarding children and young people. Children’s order 2005 †¢ Simplify laws that protected children and young people in respective UK countries. †¢ Seen as a serious shake up to children rights and protection †¢ Made it clear to everyone that worked with children what their duties were †¢ Shows them how to work together when there is allegations of child abuse Children’s act 2004 †¢ In 2003 it wasRead MoreFamily Preservation Vs. Child Removal Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pagesmonths before the boy was killed, county child protection caseworkers and sheriff s deputies investigated allegations of abuse without removing Gabriel from the home.† Though the consequences of this situation may be imputed to possible negligence of the social workers involved, this case gruesomely highlights one of the most highly contested policies in child welfare: family preservation vs. child removal. Family preservation can be defined as a social policy which encourages, â€Å"comprehensive, short-termRead MoreA Case Plan For Children And Families Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Administration for Children Families (2014) case plans are formed by child protection staff and families who work together to identify goals for the family (Laracuente, 2016). A case plan is a written text that explains why the child is considered to be in need of protection, it provides a lucid statement of the functions and responsibilities of all participants in addressing the child s care and security needs (Laracuente, 2016). Furthermore, a case plan must also include stipulations

South Churchbridge Rural Telephone Company Limited

Question: Discuss about the South Churchbridge Rural Telephone Company Limited. Answer: Limited Liability Company Constitution Statute, Title Name, Duration and Purpose of Article One Name. The legal person is called COSECK LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY can also be called by the short name CLLC .The objective of the company is to engage in the wider and general import and export of all goods related to electric and electrical products and other similar activities. (Constitution and by-laws of the South Church bridge.( Rural Telephone Company Limited, i.e.). Company Consent The consent form is both the directors and shareholders consent form. The companys final step is to take the incorporation process when submitting the directors and the shareholders forms of consent. The shareholders consent form may be signed by one of the shareholders to represent the general class of the shareholders. Holder assumes the quality of the establishment of the company and the factors affecting the right decisions must be recorded in the book of legalized acts in accordance to Article 40 of Decree Law number 21621 Items to be considered in consent letter Provide for the application of benefits by observing the provisions of decree Decide on the formation of reserves faculty Appoint and replace managers and liquidators Provide investigations, audits and balances Amendment of the Statute Increase or decrease the capital Change in the name, subject and address of the company Transform, merge, spin off, dissolve and liquidate the company Decide on all other matters requiring the interest of the company Internal Management Management is the organ responsible for the administration of the company. Internal Management is formed by the following: - The General Manager, Owner or Manager, if the General Manager is occupied by the Holder; - The Sub Manager; - The Regional Managers; - Managers are individuals with the capacity to contract design and hire the Contractor (Dine and Koutsias, 2007). The first General Manager by operation of the law is stated in the primary transitional provision of these minutes .The term of office of management is indeterminate. The Contractor shall determine the remuneration amount of use. Share register including a class of redeemable preference shares A share register contains the following items, the specific allotment date or share issue date, the number of given class of shares, each share numbers allotted, share certificate and whether or not they are fully paid up, unpaid and the amount of money paid. In this case, the shares allotted are 1,500,000 shares. The class is fully paid ordinary shares with redeemable preferential snares making 10% of the total number of shares. The date of allotment is the establishment day of the company which is 12/05/2016. (Hannigan, 2009). Sec 124 of Corp Act This section gives the right to accompany the legal capacity as an ordinary individual of the country of Australia and includes the right to make any agreement. It is reinforced by article 125 which states that performance of an agreement shall not be deemed invalid only because it supersedes the constitutional power of the company. Sec 129 It states that assumptions which can be made in presiding sec 128 is that replaceable rules and guidelines together with the constitution have complied with any person holding office of the director, chairman or company secretary, any other officer or agent in conducting performance duties which are proper. Guide on documents duly executed with or without a company seal. Sec 588M It gives guidelines on insolvent trading relating to recovery of compensation from the loss. The directors of the company can incur a debt acquired by the company and can be sued by the creditors for the same. The company can finally be wound up due to insolvency. It further continues to say that whether the director has been charged or not for the offence, a civil suit can be instituted for recovery from him References Constitution and bylaws of the South Churchbridge Rural Telephone Company Limited.(n.d.). [Saltcoats, Sask.?]: [The Company]. Dignam, A. and Lowry, J. (2009).Company law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Dine, J. and Koutsias, M. (2007).Company law. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Hannigan, B. (2009).Company law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Lettau, M., Ludvigson, S. and Ma, S. (n.d.).Capital share risk and shareholder heterogeneity in U.S. stock pricing. Mutuals' Redeemable and Deferred Shares Bill [HL]. (n.d.). .

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Human Resource Management

Table of Contents Introduction HRM in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Current Status of HRM Structure of the Business Macro-factors affecting the HRM Department Conclusion Works Cited Introduction In the wake of globalization, swift technological revolution, and the ever-shifting complexity of the human society, human resource management has become critical in the realization of organizational goals. This set of circumstances has forced many companies around the globe to revisit the role of strategic human resource management.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper discusses the strategic role of human resource management based on the different departments of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It examines the current status of HRM in KSA by comparing the expectations of the investors with the existing macro-factors that influenc e the human resource departments. It also provides insight into the economic, social, and cultural issues that affect the role of human resource management. It further elaborates the employment and labor laws, meso-organizational factors, the nature of businesses, organizational cultures, management styles, and micro-individual factors. HRM in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Most managers attest that human resource management is a set of procedures, practices, and policies that must be included in the entire organization. The success of the HRM department in any organization is seen in terms of the ability to promote investment, development, motivation, and performance improvement. Managers must ensure that perfect recruitment, obligations on contract basis, training and motivation, proper planning, handling of employee welfare, and their grievances are handled in every department for the success of human resource management. Policies, procedures, and programs must be established and pr operly executed to boost performance. Work ethics must also be addressed at length without excluding any loopholes with a view of encouraging employee loyalty (Sims 3). The strategic role of human resource management (HRM) departments in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has been critical to the success of organizations within the region. This situation is underpinned by the fact that various multinational companies are increasing in Saudi Arabia. As a result, the current system of management has been shifting away from the traditional to Western ways of organization in the Kingdom (Sims 3). Current Status of HRM The current status of HRM in KSA is seen to be treading towards a shift whereby the inclusion of foreign workers in the management systems is on the rise. This situation has been noted due to the tremendous increase in the control of international oil companies and crude resources based in the Kingdom (Mababaya 34). Due to such funds for further investments, the country has undergone both social and economic development to encompass increased numbers of foreign employees.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A rise in the development in of the labor market has raised the need for skilled personnel. This situation has compelled the government of KSA to come up with plans to increase the number of foreign workers thereby calling for the implementation of a new human resource management system (Mababaya 33). The HRM practices in the country are shaped by the socio-economic factors in terms of economic landscape, political environment, labor structure, HR strategy, and culture at the national level. The economy of the Saudi Kingdom is based on the oil production industry and its products that constitute about 95 percent of the country’s exports. It gives revenue of above 70 percent (Ramlall, Al-Amri, and Abdulghaffar 1155). At the face of the g lobal trading, the government has invested significantly in the promotion of the free market economy. Besides, it has strived to encourage the private sector to play its role in the control of the economy. However, this situation has been seen as the main factor hindering its tremendous improvement due to its tendency of holding and controlling the economic and social development procedures, policies, and activities (Ramlall, Al-Amri, and Abdulghaffar 1156). The rules of trade and regulations of the economy are also controlled by the state. This state of affairs has only promoted monopoly as evidenced in the government-owned companies such as the Saudi ARAMCO Corp., Saudi Telephone Company (STC), and Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) among others (Ramlall, Al-Amri, and Abdulghaffar 1156). Regarding the political aspect, the country is an Islamic monarchy that heavily relies on a tribal system of rule. The king is the Chief of the State and Head of the KSA Government. The co untry lacks a well-documented constitution as it only considers the Quran as the Constitution in addition to the Shari’ah law. No democracy is present in such situations where a political challenge can be created. In such circumstances, the management of organizations can be difficult because the Saudis and foreign employees have limited ways of forming trade unions and various associations that can address their business issues easily. This state of affairs is seen as a drawback towards the successfulness of human resource management in the country (Ramlall, Al-Amri, and Abdulghaffar 1160). For this reason, the KSA should practice democracy by ensuring that there is proper integration of a multicultural environment. Besides, the government should lay more emphasis on education rather than just mere vocational training. In this regard, the government of Saudi is placing more resources on educating its citizens to ensure that it remains competent at the global level with respe ct to issues concerning HRM (Vernon 101).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Structure of the Business Most businesses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are developed around family members with employees from the extended family fraternity due to the idea of nepotism and trust amongst relatives. Consequently, the companies are formed based on the strong hierarchical system of management. This state of events follows the Islam teachings on loyalty and respect as per the culture, religion, and history of the Saudi people. In the current system of foreign investors, changes are being seen where some of the foreign based companies are currently owned and managed by personnel who are only related by work characteristics. To a great extent, these sectors comprise manufacturing businesses with oil-based companies leading (Mababaya 37). Ma cro-factors affecting the HRM Department The private sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia holds about 90 percent of the new jobs that are highly manual; hence, vocational training is required to ensure that relevant skills are obtained. The Saudi government has protected its citizens against unemployment. The organizations operating in the private sector must consider its citizens up to about 5-percent every year irrespective of the increasing numbers of foreign workers (Al Ariss and Dessler 14). The firms value more foreign workers since they are offered fewer payments. For example, it is expensive to hire a Saudi employee who requires a salary that is six times more than that of a foreign worker. This situation has been noted to bring about discrimination aspects towards the foreigners. According to Al Ariss and Dessler, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has insufficient skilled labor due to such activities. The management of organizations is greatly controlled by the execution of glob alized methods, strategies, and processes that maintain a healthy competitive gap (14). Multinational companies are emerging in the country. This state of affairs has greatly influenced the HRM strategies that ensure the attraction and motivation of employees who are skilled. Companies such as ARAMCO are currently viewing the value of the employees in their commitment towards goal achievement; hence, they are currently abandoning the traditional HRM approaches (Sims 3). The training of employees is also being encouraged besides offering them comprehensive medical covers. However, gender sensitivity is not observed in the KSA since the number of women who hold employment positions is still low. The women of the country are underrepresented in the workforce as compared to other countries of the world.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This situation has been caused by the religious and moral beliefs and laws that put forth the role of women as marriage and child-bearing (Dessler and Al Ariss 2012).  An aspect of labor laws and employment has also affected the HRM departments in the KSA. Investors are keen when making decisions concerning their trade or investments. Factors such as political stability and the climate for investment among others are considered. Government stability in the country has not been a problem. The structures of the legal system can hinder investment when they are too restrictive and protective (Al Ariss and Dessler 12). The cultural aspects of HRM have brought about a negative perception of work in the private sector. The companies in this department only employ the Saudis due to the social interactions at work that maintains their social statuses; hence, they are socially recognized. The Saudis must have skills since the manual jobs are perceived to be associated with low-esteemed work ers. Such aspects have also been said to stagnate the role of strategic human resource management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Mellahi 2000).  Moreover, the Islamic Shari’ah governs most of the values and procedures related to the workplace. The HRM lays its emphasis on the hierarchical system of management and organizational structure whereby obedience to leaders must be considered. Emphasis is placed on harmony, cooperation, and brotherly relations. However, conflicts are normally avoided at all costs (Mellahi 331). The Shari’ah law based on the Quran and the protectionist laws disallows the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to be a member of the GATT and WTO. Furthermore, the financial infrastructure is not well-developed because the modernization of trade and commercial laws is difficult. The government is currently striving to ensure that strict laws that are more protective are regulated to promote more investments (Mellahi 331). Conclusion The essay has elaborated th e strategic HRM in departments of organizations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A clear indication of transformation is seen in these organizations whereby the traditional aspects of HRM are abandoned due to the development of competition among various organizations. These companies further scramble for qualified Saudis; hence, a mobile HRM with workforce that is dynamic is noted. An organization such as the ARAMCO Company is using strategic HRM for its success amidst the reluctance of most entities in the embracement of modern human resource management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Works Cited Al Ariss, Akram and Gary Dessler. Human Resource Management. London: Pearson, 2012. Print. Mababaya, Mamarinta. The role of multinational companies in the Middle East: the case of Saudi Arabia. Boca Raton: Universal-Publishers, 2002. Print. Mellahi, Kamel. â€Å"Human resource development through vocational education in Gulf Cooperation Countries: The case of Saudi Arabia.† Journal o f Vocational Education and Training 52.2 (2000): 329-344. Print. Ramlall, Sunil, Hani Al-Amri, and Nadia Abdulghaffar. â€Å"Human Resource Management in Saudi Arabia.† International Business Economics Research Journal 11.10 (2012): 1155-1162. Print. Sims, Ronald. Organizational success through effective human resources management. Portsmouth: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002. Print. Vernon, Mark. Business: The Key Concepts. London: Routledge, 2002. Print. This report on The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Human Resource Management was written and submitted by user Mauricio U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A examination and valuation of Lush Ltd. The WritePass Journal

A examination and valuation of Lush Ltd. Introduction A examination and valuation of Lush Ltd. IntroductionHistoryLeadership teamGlobal brandProductsIngredientsEthos and campaigningBenefits of Listing on Stock Exchange Free Cash Flow Valuation AssumptionsValuation Stages Related Introduction Lush is about passion and innovation: passionate about the nature, environment and growth; and innovative for its handmade, unpacked and fresh cosmetics, seductive perfumes, and natural products. Born from the ashes of Cosmetics to Go, Lush is now headquartered in Poole, Dorset in the UK. The company was initially registered with the Companies House by the name of Cosmetic House Limited in 1994 but was later renamed to Lush in the year 1995. It now operates over 600 stores in 43 countries worldwide. The fuel for this growth has been the result of adopting fresh natural ingredients, ideas and fun. The company’s’ ideology is the most important part of everything that it signifies. Lush produces and sells a range of handmade products, like face masks, soaps, bath bombs, bubble bars, hand and body lotions, hair treatments, etc. Lush uses natural resources like fruits, vegetables, essential oils, and synthetic ingredients without any animal fat in all its products. It is also against animal testing and performs tests solely with volunteers instead. This philosophy of its leaders attracts like-minded people, staff and clients, and communicates the brand essence with a clear vision and direction. History The original incarnation of what is now Lush began in the 1970s when Mark Constantine, an herbal trichologist, and Elizabeth Weir, incorporated a company named Constantine Weir. They began with developing recipes for bath and beauty products and toted them round to potential buyers. Their verdict was: â€Å"Too earnest, very authentic, not at all commercial.†Ã‚   Constantine Weir was one of the associate and suppliers to The Body Shop (acquired by LOrà ©al in 2006), a UK -based company founded in 1976 by http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anita_RoddickAnita Roddick. As The Body Shop grew, Anita made a bid the rights to many of the products produced by Constantine Weir for The Body Shop. It was good to be associated with the fastest growing cosmetic company in the world which was using products and ideas by CW. This association was hampered after The Body Shop floated in 1984, when the partnership became uncomfortably formal. The Body Shop eventually bought the intellectual property rights to the business of Constantine Weir for  £9m in 1991. CW managed to dodge the buyout by starting a new company named ‘Cosmetics to Go’ in 1988. This company was primarily a mail-order business which failed ignominiously in 1994. However, CTG managed to obtain new finance from Peter Blacker, of British Ensign Estates and his finance director Andrew Gerrie, who now form an integral part of the board of Lush. In 1994, CTG was renamed to Lush as result of a contest wherein they requested their existing customers to suggest a new name. Leadership team Peter Blacker and Andrew Gerrie were the first to help Constantine when CTG was already in agony and later were responsible in establishing Lush. Gerrie, an opulent entrepreneur had tremendous experience in cash and finance, was a great support to Constantine after having lost his confidence following the CTG debacle. Gerrie had a catalysing effect on the growth of Lush’s fortunes and is leading the expansion of the company. Constantine’s expertise in producing cosmetics is well complemented by Andrew’s ability of managing finances. Constantine and Andrew are the recognised leaders of the company. Besides being experts in their respective fields, they are socially intelligent, organisationally efficient and have a strong sense of imagination. The leadership team of Lush includes Elizabeth Bennett,  Helen Ambrosen, Karl Joseph Bygrave and Margaret Joan who are also the shareholders. Global brand Lush is a leading global brand with over 600 stores and subsidiaries in 43 countries worldwide and production laboratories in Europe, Canada, Australia, South America, Singapore and Japan. Their aim is to offer â€Å"the freshest products in the history of cosmetics.† All the stores in UK are fully owned by the company and the stores overseas are subsidiaries with local managers. The Lush store partnership model ensures management coherence and commitment with the company. Personal ownership adds motivation while willingness to invest in Lush means that the Lush concept is endorsed. At the same time Lush remains directly involved and able to steer the branch. Lush does not supply any other retailer so everything they produce is only sold in Lush shops or on-line from Lush websites. Products Lush produces many different types of cosmetic products, from hair, face, body, and foot care, all the way to bath and shower care. Lush creates solid products to reduce packaging waste and the need for preservatives. Solid products are sold wrapped in paper or in small bags. Lush encourages customers and staff to purchase products using their own shopping bags to be more eco-friendly and even motivate customers to let their products go naked (without any packaging whatsoever). Some examples of Lushs solid products include bubble bath bars, shampoo bars, hair conditioner bars, solid shower gel, and massage bars. Lush also carries bath bombs, also called bath ballistics, which are solid balls made of sodium bicarbonate and citric acid that fizz as they dissolve in the bath, releasing essential oils that scent the bath and soften the skin, and in some cases glitter, confetti, flower petals or seaweed. They hand-make the products in a factory in small batches based on orders from indivi dual stores in order to keep their products fresh. In order to stay in touch with their fresh standard, Lush does not sell any product in their store thats older than 4 months and most products have a total shelf life of approximately 14 months. Ingredients Lush lists their product ingredients in English as well as Japanese, French and many other languages, and uses fruit, vegetables, other plant products, and safe synthetics. Many products are labeled with a use-by date and who made the product. All Lush products are vegetarian, and less than 30% contain animal products such as beeswax, honey, free range, unfertilized eggs and lanolin. Lush uses minimal packaging (over 70% of their products contain no packaging at all); the packaging that they do use is 100% recyclable and are made from used plastics and cardboard. Products which contain no animal ingredients at all are marked as vegan in Lush catalogues, on store displays, and on the container itself. Lush uses methyl- and propyl- parabens, which have been used in food preservation and are both made of plant materials. Only the liquid products contain parabens; solid products have no preservative content as it is water that can breed bacteria in products. 70% of Lush products are preservative-free. Ethos and campaigning Lush does not buy from companies that carry out, fund, or commission any animal testing. Lush itself tests its products on human volunteers before they are sold. In keeping with its stated ethos, Lush has also begun to phase out its use of sodium palm kernelate. Sodium palm kernelate is derived from trees in the natural habitat of orguntans. Greenwash, a pine scented soap, is the first soap to be made using palm-free soap noodles, but as of 2008 all Lush soaps are made with palm-free soap base. Their aim is to have 100% of [their] packaging easily recyclable, compostable or biodegradable†.   Lush is a supporter of controversial direct action, animal rights operations including the Sea Shepherds, a group that works to protect whales, seals, and other aquatic animals.   In 2007 Lush started openly supporting campaigning groups by sending a dozen cheques for  £1000 each, including road protests groups such as Road Block and NoM1Widening, Hacan Clear Skies (anti-aviation group), and Dump the Dump (which is fighting against an incinerator) They introduced the Charity Pot body lotion, each pot promotes a different small charity on the lid, and the full purchase price (except for VAT) goes to charity. They have also introduced a range of Go Green products that they say are inspired by Rebecca Lush (no relation), a roads campaigner who set up Road Block in the early 1990s and who pied Jeremy Clarkson for his glorification of the car. Benefits of Listing on Stock Exchange Listing on a stock exchange can add value to a business of any size. Moreover, stock exchange listing cast a wider net into the capitalization pool i.e. the potential sources of equity funding, when a company is planning for expansion and leveraging. A listing will also to attach importance to Employee Share Ownership Scheme of Lush. By obtaining a listing on a stock exchange, Lush will gain market exposure to a broader membership of the financial community including market makers, traders, retail investors and various financial institutions. This will eventually benefit Lush it’s a growing business and worth investing. Thus, listing will potentially increase capital investments of Lush, as opposed to private negotiations and networking, providing a better exposure to a larger financial market and wider range of investors.Being listed on an exchange implies that Lush meet the requirements and standards set by the exchange. This will add credibility to its business and therefore enhance its brand equity by improve customer’s perception of value in the company and its products. Moreover, listing will enhance financial information and investor public relations through the information/disclosures made available as required by listed companies. Listing will facilitate Lush to ascertain its Enterprise Value and share price. A need for capital investment is one of the main factors for Lush to lists on a stock exchange. Lush is a product based company and requires capital for producing inventories. Given the fact that they use on natural ingredients, their products are slightly expensive since they have to import or cultivate their ingredients regularly. Stock market listing will provide wider and more accessible forms of investment for both investors and businesses. This will largely support a free market for buyers and sellers to meet, access and trade capital for ownership and vice versa. It could also be used as one of several sources of capital leveraging. Lush finances its production through debt. Their debt gearing is a striking 40.63% which is very high for a product manufacturing company. Also their interest cover of 13.84% is also high. Listing on the exchange will provide a low cost of capital financing. It will also provide increased capitalization through wider market exposure and reduce the reliance on alternative sources of funding such as venture capital firms. This lower reliance for alternative sources of financing will improve negotiating leverage of the company when obtaining financing from venture capital firms whether it be through less liability protection as determined by the stock ownership terms or lower cost of capital. In other words, if the market exposure gained through listing is positive, the effects on financing can also be positive. To summarize, listing a business on a stock exchange may be a good idea for a business seeking improved market awareness, greater potential for capital investment, enhancements to brand equity and negotiating influence etc. Listing on an exchange should probably be in line with or in accordance with business strategy, otherwise the listing may be premature or unnecessary. Free Cash Flow Valuation The discounted-cash-flow approach attempts to determine the value of the company (or â€Å"enterprise value†) by computing the present value of cash flows over the life of the company. Since a corporation is assumed to have infinite life, the analysis here is broken into a forecast period and a terminal value. Ideally, the forecast period should equate with the interval over which the firm enjoys opportunities for relatively high growth. The value of the company derived from free cash flows occurring after the forecast period is captured by a terminal value. To estimate the terminal value, cash flows are projected under a steady state assumption that the firm enjoys no opportunities for abnormal growth. Once a schedule of free cash flows is developed for the enterprise, the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is used to discount them to determine the present value. The sum of the present values of the forecast period and the terminal value cash flows provides an estimate o f company or enterprise value. Free cash flow equals the sum of NOPAT (net operating profits after taxes.), plus depreciation and noncash charges, less capital investment and less investment in working capital. NOPAT is used to capture the earnings after taxes that are available to all providers of capital (i.e., NOPAT has no deductions for financing costs). Moreover, since the tax deductibility of interest payments is accounted for in the WACC, such financing tax effects are also excluded from the free cash flow, which can be expressed as: FCF=NOPAT + Depreciation – CAPEX – ΔNWC NOPAT is equal to Operating Income x (1-Tc) where Tc is the marginal tax rate (30% equal to the UK corporate tax rate). Assumptions All items were taken from financial statements of Lush. The growth figures of sales for the year 2010 has been taken to be 30% which is the average sales growth form the year 2005-2009. After obtaining listing the company is supposed to have enough funds for operation and will not require any debt financing. Hence, the growth rate is likely to growth at an average 5% for the 1st five years from its listing. This phenomenon was also observed in the case of body shop where its growth shot up rapidly (22.54% in 1984 to an avg growth rate of 37.19% in 1989)over the 1st five years from its listing on the stock exchange. The risk free rate is taken to be 4% as an average risk free rate of debt. Also the risk premium has been assumed to be 4%. The cost of debt assumed is 11.5% because Lush does a lot of short term borrowing and rates are high and generally fluctuate. Also their gearing has been really high and implies that they pay a very high rate of interest. The stock beta has been obtained from The Body Shop (now L’Oreal). The Body Shop has been used as a comparable company since its origination, method of operations and business is very similar to Lush. Some of the items have been expressed as a percentage of Sales to help us in our forecasts (% of Sales approach). The given growth rates of L’Oreal have been used to compute Sales for 2010-SS.2 COGS and SGA can be approximated on the basis of their past relationship with Sales. We have assumed that this relationship will be the same in the future. We have assumed that fixed assets will continue to grow at a rate of 40.75% which represents the average growth in fixed assets between 2005-2009. In reality, it is unlikely that Lush assets will be growing at such high rate forever. The historical depreciation/Fixed Assets ratio (average) is 23.4%. Given that there is no great variation in this historical ratio one can safely assume that the relationship between the two will be maintained in the future. We can then calculate an estimate for fixed assets and as a result depreciation itself as a function of fixed assets. Valuation Stages We assume that the valuation exercise is performed at the end of 2009, i.e. that the first FCF (end 2009) arrives 1 year from the time of the valuation. Terminal Value is then calculated as follows: Terminal Value = FCFSteady State à · (WACC − gss)4 This is the value of all cash flows after 2014 as of the end of 2014 that then needs to be converted to value today (i.e. end of 2009). So it needs to be discounted 5 periods back. PV Terminal Value = Terminal Value / (1+WACC) Then the PV of the FCFs from 2010 to 2014 is: PVFCF2010-2014 = FCF2010/(1+WACC)+ FCF2011/(1+WACC)^2 + FCF2012/(1+WACC)^3 + FCF2013/(1+WACC)^4+ FCF2014/(1+WACC)^5 The Enterprise Value is then given by PV Terminal Value + PVFCF2010-2014 This is the value of the firm to all providers of capital. To get the equity value one needs to subtract the value of total debt (ST Debt + LT Debt) The terminal value growth rate used in the valuation is 15%, which equals the long-term risk-free rate; i.e., the long-term Treasury yield. Cosmetics companies are non-cyclical companies and have very little impact of inflation on their growth. Also Lush is one of its kind, and is therefore expected to growth at 15%. Looking at the its previous growth figures (18.94% CAGR for the past 15 years), 15% is a justified steady state growth rate. The resulting Enterprise Value is 81.02mil and the value of Equity 47.59mil. The corresponding per share figure is 2.13 pence which can then be compared to future actual share prices. References chx.com/content/Trading_Inform ation/Listing_standards.html ht tp://www.nasdaq.com/about/list ing_information.stm cftech.com/BrainBank/FINANCE/U SStockExchs.html http://en.wiki pedia.org/wiki/Stock_exchange http://uk.finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=OR.PA reuters.com/finance/stocks/financialHighlights?symbol=OREP.PA 1. â€Å"Soap Stars†, The Business FT Weekend Magazine, 08.06.02 2. www.lush.co.uk 3. From a Lush shopping bag and website (www.lush.co.uk) 4. Lush mission statement 5. Marketing: Lush Gets a Makeover, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus Graduate School of Business, available on-line at www.brianlhill.com/projects/ExperienceMarketing_Lush.pdf 6. Reported by Sarah McCartney, Editor of Lush Times 9 Mary Linehan, Lush Press Office 10. â€Å"Living the Lush life† by Marge C. Enriquez, Lifestyle, 10.12.01

Investigating the Impact of Climate Change on Dust Storms over Kuwait The WritePass Journal

Investigating the Impact of Climate Change on Dust Storms over Kuwait Introduction Investigating the Impact of Climate Change on Dust Storms over Kuwait ). The short rainy seasons and the long dry hot summer seasons put more stress on water resources. The matter of increasing or decreasing the summer dust season canmodify the radiation budget between earth and the atmosphere system; the aerosol can affect the incoming radiation by absorbing or scattering, and can change the outgoing terrestrial radiation(Almazroui, et.al. 2012).Therefore, this process may lead into changing the radiative balance, the increase of atmospheric albedo candecrease the percentage of radiation reaching the surface, which leads to cooling the surface (Almazroui,et.al. 2012). Background Since 1985, seawater temperature in Kuwait Bay, northern Persian Gulf, has increased on average 0.6 degrees Celsius per decade(Kulkarni, et.al. 2012).This is about three times faster than the global average rate reported by the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Differences are due to regional and local effects. Increased temperatures are having profound effects on key habitats and on power generation in the Persian Gulf (Kulkarni, et.al. 2012). Dust storms have large impacts across the Arabian Peninsula region. Because of the highest recorded frequency of dust, Kuwait is of great interest in the Arabian Peninsula. Dust has a huge impact on maximum temperatures in Kuwait, where it can decrease the 2 m temperature by as much as 5 Â °C. Dust storms in Kuwait also hasve a huge impacton daily temperatures in summertime. The atmospheric aerosol which mostly consists of dust particles can scatter and absorb radiation, which will affect the radiative impact (Kulkarni,et.al. 2012). The scattering and absorption process can alter the incoming and outgoing radiation. Scattering increases the atmospheric albedo, leading to decreasing in surface radiation, resulting in surface cooling (Kulkarni, et.al. 2012). Usually, during dust storm days, the maximum temperature is reduced by 3 to 5 Â °C in summertime. Global models can illustrate climate change globally, but it is difficult to perform or illustrate regional circulations (Rajendran,et.al. 2013). Therefore, this study will not only attempt to find out the impact of climate change on both the frequency and intensity of dust storms in Kuwait, but it will also analyzethe number and magnitude of dust storms in the future. Problem Statement A common synoptic system in the Arabian Peninsula during the summer is the intense pressure gradient, resulting from the Indian monsoon arising east of the Middle East and the East Mediterranean high pressure west of the region. This causes a strong northwesterly wind across the Arabian Peninsula which is known as the Shaman wind(Rajendran,et.al. 2013). Purpose of the Research The main purpose of this research is to find the impact of climate change on the dust storms in Kuwait. The research aim is to find whether the number and magnitude of dust storms will increase or decrease in the future. Moreover, this research also aims to investigate the changes in the number of dust storm days in future summer seasons. Research Questions Considering the aim of this study, the follwing research questions are designed. These research questions are designed to spefically adress the current issues associated with the climate change in Kuwait. What is the impact of climate change on both the frequency and intensity of dust storms in Kuwait? Whether the number and magnitude of dust storms will increase or decrease in the future? Significance of the Research The increasing importance of understanding dust and its role in the Earth’s climate is driving new research and analysis of past data. Dust storms are becoming more frequent in some parts of the world, transporting prodigious quantities of material over very long distances, affecting human health, coral reefs and climate change (Kulkarni, et.al. 2012). Being able to predict the production of dust in the future is critical to the climate, environment, and human health. It is very important to investigate whether the number and magnitude of dust storms will increase or decrease in the future, as it will provide an idea of how the Earth’s ecosystem will change. Literature review Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula Climate Much of the summer season in the Arabian Peninsula consists of a period of high diurnal temperature variation and hazy weather. The strong pressure gradient which is usually developed in June and July in the Arabian Peninsula creates a strong wind that results in dust storms (Marcella,et.al.2012). The strong Shamal wind tends to ease the temperature in the summer by decreasing the maximum temperature by 5 Â °C on average due to dust. In other cases, the Shamal wind can be caused by a dry cold front in the Arabian Peninsula, which further reduces the maximum temperature in the area. By mid-July the strong pressure gradient in the area weakens considerably, leading to periods of light northwesterly winds. When there is a lack of a pressure gradient, the Shamal winds become weak, and its direction shifts to easterly to southeasterly in the afternoon due to the sea breeze effect near the coastal area in Kuwait. The thermal low that usually develops over Iraq causes the weak pressure gra dient near Kuwait and the eastern region of Saudi Arabia (Rajendran,et.al.2013). Global Climate Modeling Global climate models (GCMs) have the ability to simulate large scale global circulation for the atmosphere and the ocean. The GCMsare used worldwide by scientist to study different climate variables in different regions to investigate climate change. Global climate models can simulate possible future climates model, and can compute several simulations with various greenhouse gas emissions (Graff LaCasce, 2012). Wind Speed Scientists investigated the changes in mean wind speed globally and in different regions in the past, present, and future. Declining wind speeds in middle and lower latitudes are critical to the prediction of future global wind speed changes (Karnauskas,et.al.2009). However, it is significant to understand how climate change can influence wind speed and direction, because they are controlled by atmospheric circulation patterns, which have been indicated by many studies to change globally. In most studies that are based on climate change, results showed that wind speed has changed over the past and will continue to change in future, but it varies between regions and seasons. In the future, some regions may experience an increase in wind speed while some other regions may experience a decrease. Investigating increase or decrease of wind speed regionally will provide a future look in terms of dust storms expansion or shrinking in the Arabian Peninsula (Gillett,et.al. 2003). Temperature Changes in extreme temperatures over a long time period were analysed by Yan,et.al (2002). They determined that not only low temperatures have been decreasing and high temperatures have been increasing during the last decades, but also that there have been earlier changes in these extremes. A high increase in temperature took place between 1910 and 1945 and from 1970 to the present, when the temperature increased by 0.16 Â °C and 0.17 Â °C per decade, respectively, which is about three times more than the increase during the past century(Yan,et.al.2002). This has been a major cause for concerns for public heatlh as fluctuation in the environment temperautre increase global warming. This may increase air pollution, and thus thr risk of air borne diseases. Regional Climate Modeling Climate scientists around the world are investigating climate change by using the downscaling model to ensure higher resolution for more enhanced results (Bichet,et.al.2012). The higher resolution model or the regional climate model that have been downscaled from the global climate model provide a better picture over complex terrain, land-water contrast, regional variations in land use, and regional circulation (Catalano Moeng, 2010). The regional climate model is becoming the tool of preference in their research. Regional climate model simulations for regions similar to the Arabian Peninsula are few.Focusing on the eastern region where Kuwait is located, the model simulation shows a decrease in surface wind speed in both scenarios. Wind speeds are the main cause for dust storms in the region, so a decrease of wind speed in the future should lead to a decrease in dust storms in Kuwait and the Arabian Peninsula (Chu,et.al.2013). Methodology Research Design The research design in this research shall be based on the secondary data and this is the reason that the following research study is based on qualitative eesearch design and therefore, the proposed study will be exploratory in nature. Data are to be collected and information wwill be gathered by using a number of secondary sources, such as the media, publications and literature. By considering goals of the present study, Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) will be analyzed as a modelin order to find the impact of climate change on both the frequency and intensity of dust storms in Kuwait and whether the number and magnitude of dust storms will increase or decrease in the future.As a sample size, GCM will be used to provide lateral forcing for WRF runs for two five-year time periods in which first five years run will be in 2006-2010 and second five years run will be in 2056-2060.The purpose is to investigate the frequency of dust storms comparing the present simulations with futur e simulations. Since the WRF does not simulate dust storms directly, the research will focus on identifying regional conditions conducive to dust storms and analyze the change in frequency of these synoptic conditions under a selected climate scenario. Ethical Considerations Ethical considerations will be prioritised to first place during this research and all the primary and secondary sources of data will be collected in accordance with the privacy policies. The research analysis and findings will be incorporated at the end and they will be entirely based on the observation of the researcher, and the analyis of data will be made. Conclusion The main of this project is to investigate the effect of climate changes in dust storms in Kuwait. These aims were targeded with the view to creating an awarness in regards to possible detrimental effects that can be induced by such changes. It is predicted that knowing the effectsof such changes will also help to predict whether the number and magnitude of dust storms will increase or decrease in the future. Since dust storms frequently hit Kuwait, it may affect human health and coral reefs, as well as have direct association with climate change in Kuwait. Wind speeds are the main cause for dust storms in the region, so a decrease of wind speed in the future should lead to a decrease in dust storms in Kuwait and the Arabian Peninsula (Chu,et.al.2013). REFERENCES Almazroui, M., M.N. Islam, and H. Athar, 2012: Recent climate change in the Arabian Peninsula: annual rainfall and temperature analysis of Saudi Arabia for 1978-2009, International Journal of Climatology, vol. 32, pp. 953-966. Bichet, A., M. Wild, D. Folini, and C. Schr, 2012: Causes for decadal variations of wind speed over land: Sensitivity. Geophysical Research Letters, vol.39, no. 11, pp.1107-1111. Catalano, F. and C.H. Moeng, 2010: Large-eddy simulation of the daytime boundary layer in an idealized valley using the Weather Research and Forecasting numerical model. Bound.-Layer Meteor, vol. 137, pp. 49–75. Chu, C., X. Yang, X. Ren, and T. Zhou, 2013: Response of Northern Hemispheric storm tracks to Indian-western Pacific Ocean warming in atmospheric general circulation models, ClimDyn, vol. 40, pp.1057-1070. Gillett, N. P., F.W. Zwiers, A.J. Weaver, and P. A. Stott, 2003: Detection of human influence on sea-level pressure. Nature, vol. 422, no. 292-294. Graff, L. S, J. H. LaCasce, 2012: Changes in the extratropical storm tracks in response to changes in SST in an AGCM. J. Climate, vol. 25, pp. 1854–1870. Karnauskas, K.B., R. Seager, A. Kaplan, Y. Kushnir, and M.A. Cane, 2009: Observed strengthening of the zonal sea surface temperature gradient across the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Climate, vol. 22, no.16, pp. 4316–4321. Kulkarni, A., 2012: Weakening of Indian summer monsoon rainfall in warming environment, TheorApplClimatol, vol109, pp.447–459. Marcella, Marc P., Elfatih A. B. Eltahir, 2012: Modeling the summertime climate of Southwest Asia: The role of land surface processes in shaping the climate of semiarid regions. J. Climate, vol. 25, pp. 704–719. Rajendran,K., S. Sajani, C. B. Jayasankar and A. Kitoh, 2013: How depended is climate change projection of Indian summer monsoon rainfall and extreme events on model resolution?. Current Science,Vol. 104, no.10, pp. 1409-1418. Zhang, Y., V. Duliere, P. W. Mote, and E. P. Salathe, 2009: Evaluation of WRF and HadRMmesoscale climate simulations over the U.S. Pacific Northwest. J. Climate, vol. 22, no. 5511–5526.

The American Labor Sector of Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The American Labor Sector of Today - Essay Example   The movements drew clear lines between the management of the industries and the labor aspects that based on the issues between the two. This was aimed to advocate for the improvement of their working conditions. It is sentiments like these that the screenwriters and the director of the movie â€Å"Norma Rae† shared and sought to evoke among the audience. The movie highlights the processes and trials experienced in the starting of a workers union (Canby). It shows that although the start of worker unions is marred by challenges, their successful formations eventually result in improved labor conditions. The employers victimize the founding figures of trade unions when they start advocating for the rights of the workers. The movie gives a clear illustration of this aspect that is replicated in nearly all scenarios involving the establishment of labor unions. After hearing a speech from Rueben Warshowsky, Norma decides to unionize her workmates. This does not augur well with the managers of the cotton mill, who confront her (Canby). She in turn writes â€Å"UNION† on a piece of cardboard and stands on a table to display it to her workmates. This makes them shut down their machines. The management views this as a threat to their authority and responds by sacking her and sending her to jail (Canby). Although Reuben eventually frees her, the acts bring out the factor of victimization against unionists advocating for workers rights. The movie brings out the aspect of the different family members reaction to one’s involvement in union activities. After hearing Reuben’s speech Norma starts participating in union formation activities. This invokes negative reactions in her husband who feels Norma is not spending enough time with her family (Canby).