Mat Rempit

Illicit road racers, or in the notable names, Mat Rempit, is a major issue that thump our nation at this moment. Known for their kamikaze abilities out and about, causing turmoil in the public eye, their unmannered mentality and the current is killing individuals. Insights shows that this gathering causes such a large number of wrongdoing and issues. With their huge sum, they felt like the street is has a place with them and no one reserve any options to rebuff them. This is the reason practically regular we heard and see their activities and news on the media. Their notoriety is equivalent to Mawi and Datuk Siti Nurhaliza up to that point, the producer had chosen to make film about them.So, as a Malaysian, what is our job in tackling this issue? Do we have to censure themselves for this or it is us who allowed this things to things? Let us see why this Mat Rempit issues occurs and how we ought to comprehend it together. As should be obvious, practically all of Mat Rempit is in the a dolescent gathering. We ought to understand that in this stage, their reasoning, demeanor and activity were affected by their companions. They used to follow their companions as opposed to their own folks and instructors counsel. This companion impact is solid and in some cases hazardous in the event that they follow an inappropriate way for instance the unlawful hustling. Related article: Causes of Snatch TheftThis is the reason the measure of Mat Rempit is expanding every once in a while. Besides, the longing to have a go at something new and testing is one of the elements that baited them into the unlawful dashing. They felt that it is truly praiseworthy and exceptional in the event that they can win the race or do self destruction aptitudes, for example, riding in the rapid or escape from the police detours. They love to violate the laws since they believe that it is only a delight for them. All in all, how we need to take care of this issue? How we need to settle down this issue has been made numerous issues us?The government, lawmakers and police have done numerous things to settle this, yet it appears as though there are no halting point for the Mat Rempit. We should offer a commendation to Pemuda UMNO for their push to change over this Mat Rempit to â€Å"Mat Cemerlang† by allowing them a chance to change and UMNO enrollment. In spite of the fact that this progression resembles a legislative issues crusade, we should remember that possibly one day they will understand that there are individuals who worry about them and trusting they will change. Next, schools assume a significant job so as to explain this problem.I’m not saying guardians since I realize that a few guardians didn’t know their son’s mentality especially contrasted with the instructors and their companions. This is on the grounds that in school, they used to be with their companions and we can decide their demeanor very well by seeing with whom they are making companions. Schools ought to team up with the police to distinguish which understudies engaged with unlawful dashing and rebuff them by sending them to the advisor or in the genuine case, excuse them from school. This is significant so as to forestall this understudy to impact different understudies to join him.Although this methodology is excessively extreme and coldblooded , we ought to consider that the adolescent is having a tendency to be affected by their companions. Moreover, as I would like to think, the National Service Training Program or PLKN ought to incorporate a module that idea the learner to maintain a strategic distance from and mindful the unlawful hustling. They ought to be presented to the threat of illicit race, the discipline that will hold up them whenever included and how to make an incredible most in the most ideal manners. By executing this methodology, in any event, the learner can think shrewdly and forestalling them to get one of the Mat Rempit candidates.As an end, what I can say is, activity expresses stronger than words. It is pointless on the off chance that we simply prattling around and censuring them for this issues albeit some of them caused some genuine case. We ought to help out government, legislators and NGOs to follow back how this thing occur and discover an answer for unravel it. The Mat Rempit ought to be gra teful for the administration and society for not rewarding them like the grab hoodlum and the gay gathering in spite of the fact that they have cause numerous issues. The administration society despite everything can acknowledge them as long as they need to change.We can see many battle and approach for them at the present time. All things considered, this gathering is our country’s student that will lead us later on. In the event that they are as yet like now and we are simply accusing them, the person who are expected to fault is only our self. One of Mat Rempit's most loved ‘Aerodynamic Pose' a. k. a. ‘Superman' seen in the city of Malaysia. A Mat Rempit is a Malaysian expression for ‘an person who takes an interest in unlawful road hustling', ordinarily including underbone cruisers (informally known as Kapcai) orscooters.Not all Mat Rempits are associated with road dashing; some of them perform insane tricks for entertainment only, for example, the wheel ie, superman (lying level on the seat), wikang, and scorpion (remaining on the seat with one leg during a wheelie). Tangle Rempits as a rule travel in gatherings and race in clamoring downtown areas on end of the week evenings. Lately, Mat Rempits have been connected to gangsterism, pack robbery[1][2], road battling, assault[3], vandalism, burglary and harassing. Most cruisers utilized by the Mat Rempits don't fulfill guideline determinations, or have been adjusted broadly for more prominent speed, or just to make the fumes noisier.Additionally, some Mat Rempits don't have substantial bike licenses, don't make good on street charges, and ride taken motorcycles[4][5]. A developing number of lodging homes have likewise been transformed into hustling tracks[6]. It is assessed that there are around 200,000 Mat Rempits in Malaysia[7]. In some different nations, the term Mat Rempit is additionally u Etymology The word ‘Rempit' originated from the mix of slope it (incline the choke). The meaning of ‘Rempit' in Kamus Dewan[2] is menyebat dengan rotan in malay or whipping with cane.An elective wellspring of the word, ‘Rempit', is gotten from the clamor made by a 2-stroke bike. ‘Mat' is a malay slang term to call or to allude to an individual who for the most part is of Malay drop yet normally utilized censoriously. sed, however more to allude to one as a bike darling or rider (Mat Motor), rather than an illicit bike racer. At some point the particulars of Mat Rempit abused to allude any person who rides an underbone cruiser. Identified with this is the Mat Konvoi, which guarantee to be the non-dashing variant of Mat Rempit.

Argumentative Essay on Legalization of Marijuana Essay

Mark Prior Free Essays

Karma has had little to do with Mark Prior’s accomplishment as a ballplayer. It was his devotion andâ talent that arrived Prior in the significant alliances and maybe an absence of karma that ascribed to one side  handed pitcher being sidelined during the pinnacle of his profession. However, at age 26, Prior is idealistic ofâ a rebound. We will compose a custom paper test on Imprint Prior or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now When Prior appeared with the Chicago Cubs on May 22, 2002, he didn't be anything short ofâ impressive which ought to have been normal considering he was the subsequent generally speaking pick in theâ draft. His record earned him top pick status as he was picked to play in the 2003 All-Star game inâ only his first full season in the significant alliances. Prior’s pitching procedure appeared to be impeccable and was viewed as a blend of the styles of Greg Maddox and Roger Clemens. His first full season with the Chicago Cubs positioned him thirdâ in the National League’s Cy Young Award casting a ballot with a record of 18 successes and just six losses. Prior turned out to be notable for his 90 or more mph fastball, curve, slurveball and changeup. Be that as it may, crack mishaps and wounds started to upset his vocation really taking shape. Various stretches onâ the crippled rundown and now a whole season on hold to recover from shoulder medical procedure haveâ many scrutinizing the fate of the once esteemed Cubs pitcher. Conceived September 7, 1980, Prior went to University of San Diego High School where heâ excelled ready field. As a 1998 alumni, he had a 0.93 earned run normal. Earlier was thenâ drafted by the New York Yankees in the novice draft however an agreement was never arranged andâ signed. He started his advanced degree at Vanderbilt University, a similar school his dad attended. During his sophomore year, Prior moved to the University of Southern California (USC). There he was regarded as outstanding amongst other university competitors in the nation. Earlier pitched for USC for two seasons and earned various honors including seven national Player of the Year grants. As a lesser, his record was 15-1 with six complete games and threeâ shutouts. His ERA was 1.69. He earned the lofty Golden Spikes Award. He likewise drove theâ team to the 2000 College World Series. Earlier entered the draft again and this time he was picked as the second pick generally in theâ draft. As he focused on his baseball profession and the expectation of one day being called up to playâ for the Chicago Cubs, Prior proceeded with his advanced degree on low maintenance premise and eventuallyâ earned a business degree in 2004 from the USC Marshall School of Business. In 2003, his first full season as a pitcher for the Cubs, his ability was evident as he counted anâ 18-6 win-lose record in spite of missing three beginnings because of a physical issue. Earlier was harmed when heâ collided on the field with the Atlanta Braves second baseman Marcus Giles. Both Prior and Gilesâ were booked to play in the 2003 All-Star Game yet missed because of their injuries. Prior was casted a ballot Player of the Month in August and September. He proceeded to gain a 10-1â record as the Cubs advanced into the end of the season games. That prompted the scandalous fan interferenceâ incident in which Steve Bartman got a fly ball hit into the stands that could have effectively beenâ caught by the Cubs outfielder. The Cubs wound up losing the game and Prior endured theâ loss. In 2004, Prior missed the initial two months of the period with an Achilles ligament injury. Although gossipy tidbits surfaced that Prior required reconstructive elbow medical procedure, he came back to theâ mound with a not exactly heavenly execution with six successes and four misfortunes and an ERA of 4.02. Again in 2005, Prior began the season on the debilitated rundown. He returned and was pitching upâ to standard until May 27th when another incident came his direction. Earlier was pitching to Brad Hawpe, an old adversary from LSU who hit a three-run grand slam off Prior in the College World Series. As they went head to head in the significant alliances, Hawpe bored a pitchâ and sent a 117 mph line drive back to Prior, hitting him in the correct elbow and putting him on theâ disabled list with a pressure break. Earlier completed the season 11-7 of every 27 starts. During spring preparing the next year, Prior started to feel a solidness in his throwingâ shoulder. He was put on a moderate pitch program and sent for tests that uncovered he had a strainedâ shoulder. He was put on the debilitated rundown for 15 days in March missing the beginning of the 2006â season. At the point when he returned, he surrendered six races to the Detroit Tigers in the principal inning. He wentâ on to win an overwhelming 0-4 record with a 7.71 ERA and was by and by put on the handicapped listâ after stressing his left diagonal during batting practice. He came back to the small time and threeâ games later, Prior earned his first win of the year against the Pittsburgh Pirates. By August of 2006, he was back on the incapacitated rundown with tendonitis for the rest of theâ season. His record was 1-6 and ERA was a high 7.21.During the slow time of year, he griped of a free shoulder and when molding did notâ improve the circumstance, Prior looked for clinical treatment and found he would require arthroscopicâ surgery on his correct shoulder. In April, Prior experienced medical procedure and it was fruitful yet put an early end to the 2007â season before it even started for him. In view of his age, specialists see no explanation Prior cannotâ return to contributing 2007. Assets MLB Advanced Media, LP (2001-2007) Chicago Cubs. Recovered May 8, 2007 from http://chicago.cubs.mlb.com/group/player.jsp?player_id=407578   The most effective method to refer to Mark Prior, Essay models

Examples Of Courtship In Jane Eyre - 1699 Words

Courtship was a game with rules that demand to be followed. Traditions had to be upheld. The rules of courtship dictated what someone could do with another person. The rules dictated when those things could be done. They established lines that are not to be crossed. It was a game, like any other, with winners and losers. The society and setting we find in Jane Eyre demands that those who hope to win the game of courtship follow the standards of courtship as closely as they can if they desire to ever have the hope of what would be considered a â€Å"happy ending†. A â€Å"happy ending† is defined as a marriage between two suitable figures that would be full of contentment and last for the rest of their lives. A man with wealth and status would†¦show more content†¦The paradox that Mr. Rochester only receives what he was promised when he does not do what he was told to receive it provides shows us the meaninglessness of the rules altogether. The novel undermines the social norms of courtship by rewarding Mr. Rochester with a happy marriage even though he is not seen as having deserved it by the rules of courtship. By doing this, the novel accomplishes the championship of the idea that it is not archaic rules that determine if someone will be happily married with someone else, but the way those people develop in love. In his first marriage, Mr. Rochester followed the rules of courtship. He does what society told him to do to gain a prosperous marriage and the â€Å"happy ending† he sought. He describes the person he was when he walked into the situation as â€Å"a wild boy indulged from childhood upwards† (Bronte, p. 413). He paints himself as someone who began his first courtship with little maturity or genuine experience with the world he was stepping into because of the spoiling he received growing up. Like a child that’s wandered into the forest thinking he is preparing himself for an adventure, he only realizes when it is too late the dangers of the situation he has found himself in. Yet even in this first courtship, there were intentions at play. Mr. Rochester claims that he â€Å"must be provided for by a wealthy marriage† (Bronte, p. 582),Show MoreRelatedEdward Rochester: The Byronic Hero Essay742 Words   |  3 Pagessort of experience. For example, when Edward Rochester married Bertha Mason, he was totally unaware that madness ran down her family line. Eventually, when he found out he had no option but to take her to his country house – Thornfield Hall and lock her up. Due to this dilemma his wedding with Jane Eyre had been affected, as he already has a wife, he could not marry Jane. Another factor that is linked to a Byronic Hero is ‘rude’. Rochester is often snappy and terse with Jane. Such as when she is calledRead More The Language of Slavery in Jane Eyre Essay2609 Words   |  11 PagesUnfortunately, Bronte goes too far. She creates a narrator, Jane, who exploits images of slavery, using them to obtain personal gain and dismissing them when convenient. It is obvious that Bronte makes use of the experiences of the British colonies throughout the text of Jane Eyre. In an effort to make her readers more comfortable Bronte chooses not to address the issue of British dominance and colonization directly. Throughout the text Jane conjures images of slavery from the Far East, convenientlyRead MoreEssay on Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights - A Truly Romantic Novel847 Words   |  4 Pages(Emily Bronte under the pseudonym Ellis Bell) was widely criticized for authoring a piece of work with such blatant tones of mental disturbance.   One reviewer, compared Wuthering Heights to Jane Eyre saying that, Wuthering Heights casts a gloom over the mind that is not easily dispelled (WH 300) while Jane Eyre manages to provide some cathartic element that offers its reader a release.   While, obviously not loved by all, the subject matter of WH was new and unique to the time, offering a break fromRead MoreJane Eyres Childhood as a Precedent for All t he Trouble Essay1785 Words   |  8 PagesJane Eyres Childhood as a Precedent for All the Trouble Jane Eyres literary success of the time has been cheaply commercialized. In other words, Brontes novel never got the appreciation it deserved, in the areas it deserved. Many 19th century critics merely assigned literary themes to their reviews to get it over with. Critics commended Jane Eyre for everything from its themes to its form. However, their surface examinations amount to nothing without careful consideration of the deeper underlyingRead MoreJane Eyre: Sexism1879 Words   |  8 PagesIn the cases of Jane Austens novel Pride and Prejudice and Emily Brontes Jane Eyre, the ideals of romantic love are very much the same. In both 19th century novels, womens wants and needs are rather simplified. However, this could also be said for the roles and ideals of the male characters. While it was obvious that this era was responsible for a large amount of anti-female sexism in society and the economy, can it also be said that male-female partnerships were simplified from the male perspec tiveRead MoreRepresentation of the Other in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay4463 Words   |  18 PagesRepresentation of the ‘Other’ in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Abstract This study aims at examining the representation of the’ other’ as portrayed in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre (1847). It attempts to inspect how the ‘Other’ is viewed in Nineteenth century England and the cultural ideology behind such specific representation. It poses crucial questions as to why the ‘Other’ is always represented negatively in main-stream western narrative as in the case of Bertha Mason who is portrayed asRead MoreEssay on Wuthering Heights, Jane Eyre and Pride and Prejudice1903 Words   |  8 PagesWuthering Heights, Jane Eyre and Pride and Prejudice Wuthering Heights presents the theme of love within and outside of marriage. This book has a major female character whose marriage conflicts in some way with her ideal of love. Catherines first love is Heathcliff. She falls in love with him as both grow up together. Yet she finds a different kind of love with Edgar Linton. Catherine decides to marry Edgar, who can satisfy her civilized side. When Heathcliff returnsRead MoreEssay on Outline of Marriage in the Victorian Era895 Words   |  4 PagesWomen married because they had a lack of options; they were not formerly educated, and were only instructed in domestic duties. They needed someone to support them, and were encouraged to marry and have children (The Rules of Marriage). The Courtship * Marriage was a carefully contemplated subject for a woman; since she would lose control over any possessions once married, it was not something entered into lightly, and a woman was not required to accept her first proposal. * The financialRead More Reactions to Patriarchal Oppression by Jane Eyre and Bertha Mason3826 Words   |  16 PagesReactions to Patriarchal Oppression by Jane Eyre and Bertha Mason Missing Works Cited    Jane Eyre and Bertha Mason are both oppressed by the British patriarchal system were men are the makers, interpreters, and enforcers of social and political rules. However, these two women differ greatly in the ways that they accept and cope with the reality of their place in society, and it is these differences that ultimately determine their fate. Jane Eyre follows the rules. Although she initially revoltsRead MoreA Dialogue of Self and Soul11424 Words   |  46 Pages for and about mothers. The Madwoman in the Attic was a landmark in feminist criticism. It focuses almost exclusively on the issue of gender in relation to women, though it refers brieï ¬â€šy to the ambiguous class position of governesses such as Jane Eyre. The authors analyse the intertwined processes of female rebellion and repression in the narrative and highlight in particular the reading of Bertha Mason, the mad wife, as the symbol of Jane’s repressed passion. This was later to become an accepted

Factoring - 9727 Words

[pic] |INDEX | |CHAPTER No. |Particulars |Page no. | |1. |Introduction, meaning defination. |3 | |2. |Modus operandi, terms and condition |4-6 | |3. |Function, types, beneifits of factoring |7-10 |†¦show more content†¦According to Webster dictionary ‘Factor’ is an agent, as a banking or insurance company, engaged in financing the operation of the certain companies or in financing wholesale or retail trade sale, trough the purchase of account receivables. As the directory rightly points out factoring is nothing but financing through purchase of account receivables Thus, factoring is a method of financing whereby a company sells its trade debts at a discount to the financial institution. In other words, factoring is a continuous arrangement between the financial institution and a company which sells goods and services to trade the customer on credit. As per this arrangement, the factor purchase the client’s trade debts including account receivables either with or without recourse to the client, and thus, e xercise control over credit extended to the customers and administer the sales ledger of his client. The client is immediately paid 80percent of the trade debts taken over and when the trade customers repay their dues, the factor will make the remaining 20 percent payment. To put in layman’s language, a factor is an agent who collects the dues of his client for a certain. 1.3 DEFINATION Robert W. Johnson in his book ‘Financial Management’ states, â€Å"factoring is a service involving the purchase by a financial organization, called a factor, of receivables owned to manufacturers and distributors by their customers,Show MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Factoring On An International Scale1102 Words   |  5 Pages Factoring is a form of commercial finance which provides funding services to businesses who either do not qualify for traditional financing or who desire to outsource their receivables and credit management to a third party while also having the option of drawing funds against the receivables being managed by the factor. Additionally, companies who are experiencing growth choose factoring as a finance tool due to its availability and flexibility as an aid to fuel their growth. Much can be learnedRead MoreDebt and Factoring1005 Words   |  5 Pagesquickest forms of low cost business finance is factoring, where you can get up to 85% of the value of your invoice immediately, and the remainder (minus the factoring company’s fee) after the money is collected. kFactoring is one of the best ways to get quick finance, improving your cashflow and allowing you to make the most of your sales without risking late payment. What is factoring? You can image that just be simple to sell your invoice to a factoring company. You can get cash quickly, have a chanceRead MoreAdvice For Noc Ltd, A Uk Toiletry Manufacturer1451 Words   |  6 Pagesface cash flow risks due to their open account trade as buyers are enjoying 30 days credit thereby causing NOC Ltd to run out of cash to pay its creditors. However, NOC Ltd can use other trade finance techniques, such as export credit insurance, factoring or even negotiate a period of credit from its suppliers to help mitigate the risk of non-payment which is associated with the company’s 30 day open account trade. An export credit insurance provides protection against commercial losses such as defaultRead MoreAccounting Finance Questions1228 Words   |  5 Pagesfinancing to solve the cash-flow problem. Discuss how this form of finance works and explain which institutions provide this form of finance. ii) An alternative arrangement is debt factoring. Describe the nature and operation of factoring as a form of finance and explain why a company may prefer debt factoring to accounts receivable financing.Read MoreAging Schedule of Accounts Receivable1396 Words   |  6 Pages8%36590=1.97% Total interest paid=1.97% Ãâ€"$35,200=$694.36 EAR= $ 694.36+$800$35,200Ãâ€"36590=17.22% The effective annual rate for pledging accounts receivable and factoring accounts receivable is 9% and 17.22%, respectively. 7. If I were to represent the commercial bank I would tell Howard that pledging his accounts receivable is better than factoring because there will be no transfer of the ownership of the accounts receivable and customer remittances will go directly to the company. In addition, hiringRead MoreSources of Finance1627 Words   |  7 PagesVenture Capitalists want their money back and profits either made from the business or out of the owner’s personal money in a short period of time. This is why they invested. Factoring- debt factoring means that the business sells its debt to another company and receives some of the money immediately. The debt factoring company collects the debts and takes a percentage cut for this service. An advantage could be a business can immediately receive cash for the customer accounts receivables thatRead MoreEffectiveness Of Working Capital Management Essay2137 Words   |  9 Pagesregularly so that he tracks his account. SMEs can outsource the management of receivables. Most financial institutions offer debt factoring services. Debt factoring is an arrangement were the institution can decide to pay a certain percentage of your invoices let’s say 85% immediately and the remainder will be settled when the debtors have fully repaid. In Zimbabwe factoring is not very popular even though some few companies have opened offices in some of the major towns. Managers of SMEs can make goodRead MoreMergers and Acquisitions: Proctor and Gamble, and Wella Ag3268 Words   |  14 Pagesintermediary who purchases accounts receivable at a discount. Under a factoring agreement companies sell or assign its account receivable to a factor in exchange for a cash advance (irs.gov). The factor typically changes interest on the advance plus a commission. The price paid for the receivables is discounted from their face amount to take into account the likelihood of uncollectibilty of some of the receivables (washington post.com, nd). Factoring is a technique used by companies to manage their accountsRead MoreButler Lumber Case952 Words   |  4 Pagesso was to calculate external funds needed, which was found to be $509.46 (Exhibit3). It was then understood that factoring accounts receivables at a discount of 3% would cause current assets to decrease by $8.02. By deducting this amount from the $509.46 EFN, we obtain net EFN of $501.44. We analyzed various options to achieve this level of EFN and found that a combination of factoring accounts receivables and maximizing our bank loan with Suburban National Bank was the viable solution. As statedRead MoreCase Module G : Walt Pavlo Mci2638 Words   |  11 Pageswrite-off the debt and share with Mann the payments received by the clients. Mann and Walt created this scheme to embezzle MCI clients into making payments believing the payments were to pay-off an agreement with Manatee Capital, in the business of factoring accounts receivable. This scheme was fraudulent, unethical and illegal. 2. What ethical issues should have occurred to Walt and MCI in regard to the schemes described? While devising the schemes, many ethical issues should have occurred to Walt

The History Of Coronary Heart Failure And Chronic...

Introduction T.S. is a 75-year-old male who has a history of coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebrovascular accident, hypertension, myocardial infarction, renal failure, atrial fibrillation, dyslipidemia, and severe cervical spinal stenosis C4-5. He underwent many procedures in the past, including coronary artery bypass graft, implantation of IV dual chamber permanent pacemaker, exploratory laparotomy, and cardiac pacemaker in situ. TS came into the ER at MMMC with complaints of nausea and vomiting, on March 21, 2017. He has been feeling nauseated and not feeling well for 3 days. When TS arrived at the ER, his peripheral capillary oxygen saturation or SpO2 was 80%, so 3L of oxygen†¦show more content†¦TS has not been tolerating his hemodialysis, and has been hypotensive. During my shift, midodrine was given prior to going to his hemodialysis to increase his blood pressure. TS’s diabetes is not well controlled; he had capillary blood glucose of 178 on March 22. He is currently receiving a sliding scale injection of Humalog. TS is not able to ambulate, stating, â€Å"they use hoyer lift to transfer me.† During his swallowing evaluation, I noticed that he was not able to lift up his right hand, and both of his upper and lower extremities were swollen. I also noticed that he had healing ulcers to his left and right second toes, and on the plantar surface of his fourth toe. He also had abrasion on his right shoulder, and a blister on his right elbow, covered with a dressing. After his session with the occupational therapist, we helped him reposition to reduce excessive pressure on his bony prominences. When I peeked at TS’s room after we documented his swallowing evaluation, he was staring at the window. He has depression, and a history of suicidal attempt. It would have been helpful to have a therapeutic communication with him, to help him express his feelings about his situation. Reflection Unfortunately, I was only with TS during my PT and OT experience for his swallowing evaluation. I was able to assist the occupational therapist with TS’s evaluation. During my hospital experience, TS went to his dialysis. I was not able to do a lot of interventions for his multipleShow MoreRelatedDisease Condition : Heart Failure906 Words   |  4 Pages Heart Failure Marikate Williams Delaware County Community College Disease Condition Heart failure (HF) is a chronic, progressive condition defined as the hearts inability to efficiently pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body (Naab, 2011). Heart failure may be the result of the heart chambers not adequately filling, also known as diastolic HF or the decreased contractility of the valves to perfuse blood to the body, also known as systolic HF. â€Å"Heart Failure isRead MoreDiagnosis And Treatment Of The American Heart Association1726 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"According to the American Heart Association (AHA) affects nearly 5.7 million Americans and is responsible for more hospitalizations than all forms of cancer combined. It is the number 1 cause of hospitalization for Medicare patients. With improved survival of patients with acute myocardial infarction and with a population that continues to age, heart failure will continue to increase in prominence as a major health problem in the United States† (Dimitru, 2015,p. Epidemiolo gy). I chose to reportRead MoreCase Study Of A Patient2213 Words   |  9 Pageseducational level is College Diploma. He is admitted with the medical history of chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD) disease and coronary artery disease (CAD). Definition of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) COPD is preventable and one of the most common respiratory diseases. COPD characterized by an airflow limitation that is progressive and not fully reversible. It is usually described as a mixture of chronic bronchitis (increased mucus production and recurrent cough present on mostRead MoreNursing Process Paper2695 Words   |  11 PagesNURSING PROCESS PAPER Nursing Process Paper â€Æ' Abstract This process paper will evaluate the complex relationship between disease pathophysiology and how it has progressed to the patient’s current state of health. It will include a comprehensive discussion of chronic and acute problems leading to the patient’s hospital admission, a complete description of interrelationships and pathophysiology for all medical diagnoses, a comprehensive discussion of the client’s signs and symptoms and resultsRead MoreA Short Note On Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease1836 Words   |  8 Pagesinclude the trachea, the bronchi, and the bronchioles. Chronic Bronchitis is a serious long-term lung disease that can be caused by a long-term exposure to inhaled irritants such as cigarettes. Chronic Bronchitis is one of the conditions that correlates with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). As the study shows M.K is noted to have a history of smoking for 22 years. Smoking is known to be the predominant cause associated with chron ic bronchitis. Risk factors commonly lead to acute exacerbationRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease1140 Words   |  5 PagesChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, also known as COPD, is defined as a progressive, chronic lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe by limiting airflow and it is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airway and shortness of breath and wheezing. BOOK/FAM PRAC â€Å"Progressive† means that the disease gets worse over time. â€Å"COPD is one of the important diseases that lead to restrictions, disability, and an increase in mortality rates among elder population† [4,5].TURK STUDY QUOTE TheRead MoreHeart Failure : A Clinical Syndrome Characterized By Structural Or Functional Impairment Of Ventricular8006 Words   |  33 PagesCLARIFICATION †¢ Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood resulting in insufficient perfusion to meet metabolic demands; most commonly results from impaired left ventricular myocardial function; cardinal manifestations include edema, dyspnea, and Fatigue4†¢5 CLASSIFICATION †¢ Classification by American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association {based on structure and progression of disease) 4 o StageARead MoreFactual Essay About Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease2424 Words   |  10 Pages CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE [pic] INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents significant challenges to a persons ability to carry out functional tasks and participate in social networks. Such factors are widely recognized as contributing to a persons sense of self identity, health and well-being. (Kerr, A, and C Ballinger 2010) Although there is no cure, the symptoms of COPD can be managed and damage to your lungs can be slowed down. If you smoke, quittingRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease3277 Words   |  13 Pagesincludes congestive heart failure exacerbation (CHF) with pneumonia (PNA). He has a full code status. Past medical history includes congestive heart failure, COPD, peptic ulcer, chronic kidney disease stage 3, anemia, and hypernatremia. Patient is a widower who lives with son and consumes no alcohol or illicit drugs, he has is an ex-smoker with a 70 pack year history. Patient is a retired mechanic with no family medical history on file; it is suspected that father had heart issu es. He has noRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking On The Decline Of Smoking Rates1072 Words   |  5 Pagesyear by 2030. Smoking is a behavioural risk factor that has been shown to greatly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. As well as this, it has also been shown to increase the risk of cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other respiratory diseases, and peripheral vascular disease. In those who do not smoke, second hand tobacco smoke is responsible for disease and premature death in adults and children. As well as the personal burden of smoking on the individual, smoking bears

Ethics and Professional Practice for Ethical Dilemma-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEthics and Professional Practice for Ethical Dilemma. Answer: Ethical Dilemma Surrounding Internet of Things The Internet of Things (IoT) is referred to a network of physical vehicles, home appliances and devices and other objects which are embedded with software, sensors, connectivity, actuators and electronics which allow these items to connect with each other and exchange data (Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic Palaniswami, 2013). With the popularity of smart devices and increased availability of high-speed internet, a large number of technology companies started introducing different IoT devices in the market. It is a fairly new industry, and each manufactures rushing to get the top spot in the industry due to which market is flooded with a large number of IoT devices which perform different operations such as home security, automated operations, and others (Lee Lee, 2015). However, along with the popularity of IoT devices, the risks associated with the technology have increased as well. Due to heavy competition, technology organisations are prioritising introduction of new products which result in compromising the security of these devices. This essay will focus on analysing the ethical dilemma surrounding IoT technology by analysing the article posted by The Atlantic titled The Internet of Things Needs a Code of Ethics (Waddell, 2017). Further, this essay will provide recommendations for addressing the ethical issues relating to IoT technology. In previous few years, digital technologies are becoming more and more prevalent which promotes the growth of IoT technology. However, it also results in increasing issues relating to IoT technology as well. A good example is malware called Mirai which attacked secured webcams and DVRs in order to disturb internet access in October 2016 (Kolias, Kambourakis, Stavrou Voas, 2017). It shows that cybercriminals can hack IoT devices, and they can take unfair advantage of them. Francine Berman, a computer-science professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, provided that along with the popularity of IoT technology, the ethical issues relating to the same will increase as well (Waddell, 2017). The key ethical issue with IoT technology is security and privacy concern of users. There is lack of legal and ethical framework in IoT industry which increases the concerns of governments, organisations and the general public. For example, it is difficult to assess who can be held responsible in t he case of Mirai malware attack. As per Berman, there is a shared responsibility between the government, innovators, companies and individuals, and they should try to utilise and create a framework for assigning accountability and responsibility in order to promote IoT technology for public good (Waddell, 2017). IoT devices rely on an internet connection to work properly, and different IoT devices connect with each other to communicate and share the users data. It means that cybercriminals can target one IoT device and through which they can collect data from other IoT devices as well (Graham Haarstad, 2014). It means that lack of security in one IoT device can result in compromising the security of other IoT devices which are manufactured by other corporations. Berman stated that this is a starting phase and people, organisations and the government should learn from experiences of this phase to improve products in the future. According to Utilitarianism ethics theory, a right or wrong of a situation is determined by its consequences rather than actions (Caron, Bosua, Maynard Ahmad, 2016). Based on the principles of this theory, people should not judge IoT technology based on its ethical issues. This technology has a potential to completely change peoples lives in the future, for the bette r. Therefore, organisations and the government should promote the development of IoT technology. However, privacy and security of each individual are crucial, therefore, technology companies should prioritise the security of people which making IoT devices. Conclusively, corporations should ensure that these devices are secured from hacking and cyber-attacks, and they should focus on improving the security in devices rather than focusing on increasing the sales of the devices. Critique of Australian Computer Society Code of Ethics The Australian Computer Society (ACS) is referred to an association of more than 26 thousand professionals from information and communication technology (ICT) field. According to the constitution of ACS, its objective is to advance the excellence in IT field and promote the development of Australian ICT resources. It was founded in 1966, and it primarily operates in Australia (Burmeister, 2013). The ACS has provided a Code of Ethics which is a part of its constitution. All the members of ACS are required to uphold and honour their profession by being a good citizen and adhering to social values. The ACS code of ethics provides six principles which are necessary to be adhered by its members that include the primacy of the public interest, the enhancement of quality of life, honesty, competence, professional development and professionalism (ACS, 2018). The ACS code of ethics focuses on ensuring that ICT professionals are doing their jobs ethical and professional in order to secure publ ic interest (Clarke, 2016). However, many experts argue that the ACS code of ethics is not enough to protect the interest of public and ACS requires updating its principles in order to implement its policies over ICT professional strictly. This essay will focus on critiques of ACS code of ethics by discussing different examples. With the advancement of technology, the role of ICT professionals has grown as well. The ACS code of ethics guide members during ethical dilemmas that they face during personal and professional life. However, there are several criticisms of ACS code of ethics which are provided based on the actions of ICT professional. Taviani (2007) stated that these codes of ethics have no teeth which means that violation of ACS code of ethics did not necessarily result in termination of its members or any punishment at all. Furthermore, the ACS code of ethics is not up-to-date, and they only focus on four traditional areas of concerns which include accessibility, privacy, property and accuracy. Ultimately, ACS code of ethics is unrealistic, vague, self-serving, incomplete, unnecessary and inconsistent. Moreover, ACS code of ethics did not provide provision for a situation in which two or more principles of ethics conflict with each other (Thomas Ahyick, 2010). The ACS code of ethics can give prof essionals the mistaken notion which means that they required following the principles blindly when they are being examined, deliberated, argued and explored for or against the action. For example, recent emission scandal in Volkswagen Company showed the insignificance of the code of ethics and how easily ICT professionals can avoid them to gain an unfair advantage. Another issue with ACS code of ethics is that they are too static, inflexible and detailed for ICT field which is a dynamic sector and it requires a code that can easily be adapted to changing the environment. On the other hand, codes which are too general and flexible are criticised for their failure to provide adequate direction. It is also difficult for ACS to enforce the code of ethics strictly and mostly they are self-serving principles. According to Bowern, Burmeister, Gotterbarn Weckert (2006), there are a number of deficiencies in the ACS code of ethics such as requirement of specific use of code, requirement of review of role and activities of ACS Disciplinary Committee, requirement of consistency between ACS code and ethics and international standards and others (Al-Saggaf Burmeister, 2012). In conclusion, there are a number of issues relating to ACS code of ethics including out-dated principles, lack of enforceability, and static policies. The IT sector is a dynamic fiel d, and it requires a code that is able to change as per changing environment. The ACS is required to update its code of ethics in order to match them with international IT standards. These ethics are based on traditional approach, and they did not provide provisions when two or more principles overlap with each other. Therefore, ACS is requiring analysing and changing its code of ethics to ensure that they are suitable for modern ICT professionals and ethical issues. Critique of Utilitarianism and Rule Utilitarianism The Utilitarianism is referred to an ethical theory which determines right or wrong based on the outcome of a situation rather than based on actions. It provides that beast actions are the ones which focus on maximising utility. In this theory, Utility is defined in various ways, but, generally, it means in terms of the wellbeing of the public (Mill, 2016). The Utilitarianism theory provides that most ethical choices are the once that generate greater good for the greater number. It is a philosophical theory regarding morality or how a person should act in specific situations. The theory has been influencing in past two centuries by providing practical disciplines of politics and economics. However, the theory has been criticized by a number of experts which provides that it is not suitable for modern situations (Kahane, Everett, Earp, Farias Savulescu, 2015). The critique of theory includes impossibility, impracticality, insufficiency and ignoring of the principle of justice. Many experts argue that Utilitarianism theory is just a philosophy which cannot be applied to real-life situations. They provide that the theory is impractical and cannot apply to the ethical dilemma faced by the professional today. This essay will focus on criticising the principle of Utilitarianism theory based on different examples. A fundamental critique of Utilitarianism ethics theory is that it ignores justice. An example was given by H.J. McCloskey who provided that the utilitarianism theory suggests that if framing an innocent person for a crime can result in reducing of pain and riots than it is an optimal choice (Trautmann, 2010). Although an innocent person will suffer, a greater number of people will be protected from pain. Therefore, the Utilitarianism ethics theory ignores the principle of justice for the greater good. Another common criticism of Utilitarianism theory that it is impossible to apply in situations because happiness cannot be measured or quantified, that there is no proper way of calculating the impact of an actions greater good. For example, if a person states that I am happier today than yesterday it would make no sense at all because happiness cannot be compared or measured. Therefore, the Utilitarianism theory is criticised because it is impossible to measure the impact of a greater good on which the theory is based upon. Another key problem with Utilitarianism ethics theory is the impracticality of calculating the utility in different situations (Leuven Visak, 2013). In most ethical situations, it is difficult for a person to calculate utility and decide a beat course of action. It is impossible for a person to analyse and all the possible actions in an ethical dilemma and selects the suitable action which is beneficial for everyone. In high-pressure situations, it is impractical to implement Utilitarianism theory. Another problem with Utilitarianism theory is that strict application of its principles can result in unpalatable consequences. Many experts argue that people can misuse the principle of Utilitarianism theory and use it to their advantage (Hayry, 2013). For example, professionals in organisations can conduct fraud or take deceptive actions by saying that it is for a greater good and it will benefit the shareholders in the long run. Strict implementation can lead to a selfish version of Utilitarianism ethics theory. The provisions of Deontological ethics also contradict the principles of Utilitarianism theory. The Deontological ethical theory determines the ethical nature of a situation by analysing the actions rather than consequences. However, this approach has its critics as well, for example, saying lying is always wrong is an incorrect statement (Wang Chen, 2011). In conclusion, Utilitarianism theory determines the morality of a situation by analysing rightness or wrongness of c onsequences rather than actions. Many experts have provided different critiques of the theory, such as it is impossible for a person to analyse utility in every ethical dilemma, especially in high-pressure situations. The theory did not take into consideration the principle of justice which made it unsuitable morally. It is also impossible to determine happiness or greater good which makes the theory impractical and unsuitable for implementing in ethical dilemmas. References ACS. (2018). Code of Ethics. Retrieved from https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/acs-documents/Code-of-Ethics.pdf Al-Saggaf, Y., Burmeister, O. K. (2012). Improving skill development: an exploratory study comparing a philosophical and an applied ethical analysis technique.Computer Science Education,22(3), 237-255. Bowern, M., Burmeister, O., Gotterbarn, D., Weckert, J. (2006). ICT Integrity: Bringing the ACS Code of Ethics up to date.Australasian Journal of Information Systems,13(2). Burmeister, O. K. (2013). Achieving the goal of a global computing code of ethics through an international-localisation hybrid.Ethical Space,10(4), 25-32. Caron, X., Bosua, R., Maynard, S. B., Ahmad, A. (2016). The Internet of Things (IoT) and its impact on individual privacy: An Australian perspective.Computer law security review,32(1), 4-15. Clarke, R. (2016). Big data, big risks.Information Systems Journal,26(1), 77-90. Graham, M., Haarstad, H. (2014). 4 Transparency and Development: Ethical Consumption through Web 2.0 and the Internet of Things.Open Development: Networked Innovations in International Development,79. Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions.Future generation computer systems,29(7), 1645-1660. Hayry, M. (2013).Liberal utilitarianism and applied ethics. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. Kahane, G., Everett, J. A., Earp, B. D., Farias, M., Savulescu, J. (2015). Utilitarianjudgments in sacrificial moral dilemmas do not reflect impartial concern for the greater good.Cognition,134, 193-209. Kolias, C., Kambourakis, G., Stavrou, A., Voas, J. (2017). DDoS in the IoT: Mirai and other botnets.Computer,50(7), 80-84. Lee, I., Lee, K. (2015). The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and challenges for enterprises.Business Horizons,58(4), 431-440. Leuven, J., Viak, T. (2013). Ryders Painism and His Criticism of Utilitarianism.Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics,26(2), 409-419. Mill, J. S. (2016). Utilitarianism. InSeven Masterpieces of Philosophy(pp. 337-383). Routledge. Taviani, H. T. (2007). Ethics and Technology. Ethical Issues in an Age of Information and Communication Tecnology. New Jersey: John Willy Sons. Thomas, T., Ahyick, M. (2010). Can we help information systems students improve their ethical decision making?.Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge Management,5. Trautmann, S. T. (2010). Individual fairness in Harsanyis utilitarianism: operationalizing all-inclusive utility.Theory and decision,68(4), 405-415. Waddell, K. (2017). The Internet of Things Needs a Code of Ethics. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/05/internet-of-things-ethics/524802/ Wang, X. C., Chen, Y. H. (2011). Plato's Criticism to the Conception of Justice of Utilitarianism and Its Modern Theoretical Response.Hebei Academic Journal,4, 009.

The Five Factor Model free essay sample

Finally, economic forces relate to conditions in the local labor market including the degree of labor mobility and the competitive economic pressures the organization may face (Baron Kreps, 1999). These forces influence CI endeavor to collectively address the concern of corporate ethics and the maintenance of ethical standards. Social Forces Employees misunderstanding can lead an effect on the organization, it is important that companies establish internal codes of conduct and outline ethical obligations. Unethical business practices can create undesired results in their employees such as confusion, misaligned judgment, and dissatisfaction. These employees may eventually leave the company or produce sub-optimal work. In both scenarios, the company will have wasted valuable resources. Political and Legal Forces CI is governed by such legislation as the Economic Espionage Act (EEA), which prohibits illegal activities such as computer hacking, wiretapping, the use of bribery to obtain information, and the misrepresentation of identity (Pagell, 1998). It is difficult, however, for legislation to include all aspects of CI. We will write a custom essay sample on The Five Factor Model or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This leaves room for a â€Å"gray area† of conduct, which often leads to unethical practices. An organization may choose to either enforce the use of unethical methodology or to provide guidance that supports ethical conduct (Trevino Weaver, 1997). Whichever stance the corporation chooses will eventually have a direct impact on how the CI team member may perform. Where unethical practices are adopted, CI members often feel pressured to appease for fear of punishment, even when their own ethical standards are compromised (Trevino Weaver, 1997). A rift between job obligation and loyalty to the company may soon induce the employee to depart on negative terms. Those employees in companies that address ethical issues, however, have been shown to take more pride in their work and provide more optimum results (Trevino Weaver, 1997). Economic Forces A competitive industry environment encourages the formation of an effective and well-maintained CI department. A well aware firm will often make the additional investment of providing sufficient training to its employees. Nonetheless, job mobility and turnover tend to be high in the CI industry. Many CI professionals quickly develop a certain degree of expertise in their field (Trevino Weaver, 1997). It is not surprising, therefore, that competing companies may be quick to lure employees away to their own CI departments (Trevino Weaver, 1997). This would obviously have a number of negative consequences on the original firm. The organization would have to reinvest resources to replace and train new staff and, more importantly, intelligence gathered by their former employees may fall into competitors’ hands. CI employees may also simply leave an organization because their assignment has come to an end. Most CI assignments last less than three years (Barndt, 1999) and CI positions are not always considered by the firm to be an ongoing obligation. This could also work to the firm’s disadvantage, since gathered intelligence should never be considered static. New developments are always transpiring that render recently collected intelligence obsolete and invalid. The firm that fails to recognize this will have surely wasted its CI efforts. Workforce The workforce element of the Five-Factor model concerns demographic factors such as social (or workforce) homogeneity (i. e. , workforce uniformity with respect to education, work experience, etc. ). Workforce consistency also includes the skill set incorporated into the team. Demographic factors can also seriously impede or enhance CI and strategy (Baron Kreps, 1999). The skill-set that the CI team leader possesses is vital to team success. Managers need to be able to understand the degree of management their particular team requires. Due to the creative and sometimes ambiguous nature of CI, team leaders must know when to step in and give direction or when to let the CI team members find their own resolution. Micro-management from the team leader will likely undermine team effectiveness and inhibit team performance as members become dependent upon guidance or possibly resentful of interference (Simon, 2000). Too little direction from the team leader may lead to confusion with regards to the composition of team deliverables. The team does, however, need a certain level of direction as a lack of team and project structure can decrease CI effectiveness (Simon, 2000). Effective planning can enhance team performance, as it allows the team to gain greater understanding of the thought processes and concerns of their colleagues. Proper planning can also ensure project alignment with the clients’ demands, and thus create a strategy that will fulfil the project’s overall purpose (Simon, 2000). It is important that CI managers also possess heightened communication and organizational skills, as it is their role to coordinate the CI function with that of the organization. More importantly, the CI manager must build effective networks with the organization’s decision-makers in order to clearly and effectively relay project requirements to the team as well as communicate output from the team. All team members need to possess certain skills to be effective CI professionals. They must be creative and resourceful, have a passion for delving deeply into issues, and be able to deliver finished intelligence roducts in a form that executives can utilize (Simon, 2000). The skill set of the CI team should invariably incorporate a broad array of expertise. By including members with only one type of educational or work background, the CI manager may inadvertently create a team that lacks vital skills. For instance a team in which members consist only of scientists â€Å"may produc e a report that lacks a business or social perspective,† whereas a disproportionately â€Å"tactical team may lack strategy evaluation or strategic insights† (Simon, 2000). OrganizationAL Culture and Structure The organization’s culture refers to the norms of conduct, work attitudes, and the values or assumptions that direct behavior in the organization (Baron Kreps, 1999). It is the structural and cultural aspects of the organization upon which the application of CI is based (Simon, 1998). However, although the organization may have decreed that CI be an integral part of its structure, CI acceptance and proper utilization may not necessarily ensue. Other organizational departments may fail to understand the role and correct function of the CI department. All too often, these departments inundate the CI division with unreasonable requests for information (Mysore Turan, 1999). Such requests occupy valuable time and waste the organization’s resources. Much of the information requested is either a redundant duplication of a previously-completed project requested by an unrelated department, or these requests are simplistic (but time consuming) data-finding missions that the requesting department should have researched for itself (Mysore Turan, 1999). The CI department’s function should not be thought of as a â€Å"trivia-on-demand service† (Kalb, 1999). The function of the CI professional is not to simply provide raw data but to recover, analyze, and present findings in a format that can be used to influence organizational strategy. The CI department also faces other threats if the rest of the organization does not recognize its proper function. If the CI department is considered less essential than other departments, it will receive inadequate resources. Insufficient numbers of staff are often overworked, and under-trained, and are sometimes also responsible for additional duties not related to CI (Sawka, 1998). In ddition, CI departments are often deprived of the funds, equipment, and materials that are essential for CI specialists to perform their jobs adequately (Calof, 1999). Too often, requesting departments do not communicate their needs to the CI department clearly (Sawka, 1998). This can result in uncertainty over project requirements. For the CI department to succeed, it must build extensive information networks within the organization (Sawka, 1998). These information networks must not only provide what is asked of them, but should also utilize data or intelligence collected by other divisions. Unfortunately, it may often be the case that many of the other divisions develop a sense of ownership for self-generated reports and also distrust the CI department, resulting in an unwillingness to share information (Calof, 1999). With all of these restrictions in place, the CI department may be able to deliver little more than data summaries to its customers† (Sawka, 1998). In an attempt to overcome these cultural obstacles, CI practitioners must strive to exhibit or achieve the following (Bernhardt, 1999): †¢ Strong leadership, team, and communicative abilities Credibility in the eyes of management †¢ Respect as objective and trusted professionals throughout the organization †¢ The ability to produce an actionable product Organizational Strategy Before adopting a CI initiative, the organization’s distinct competencies and long-term objectives should to be considered. The question that needs to be asked in this regard is â€Å"Do these factors support C I? † The CI function should be a recognized part of the organization’s core strategy and considered an essential part of the decision-making process (Bernhardt, 1999). Intelligence must be â€Å"close enough to policy, plans, and operations to have the greatest amount of objectivity, integrity, and judgement† (Bernhardt, 1999). However, for a CI effort to succeed, the most important condition to satisfy is acceptance by the organization’s corporate decision-makers. When used as intended, CI intelligence can be a significant tool for strategic decision-making. Often, managers â€Å"get stuck on internal issues and forget about what’s going on outside† (Kalb, 1999). CI provides a means to efficiently identify outside concerns. Unfortunately, CI is often ignored or placed secondary to other concerns (Bernhardt, 1999). Ideally, the head of the CI department should be an invited member at board meetings. Unfortunately, this practice is generally not exercised, as the CI function is seldom considered by management to be â€Å"sufficiently credible† (Bernhardt, 1999). Thus, it may be the corporate decision-makers themselves who fail to recognize the importance of CI. In a survey conducted on the opinions of chief executive officers (CEOs) and chief information officers (CIOs), the majority of respondents believed that the CI function had both offensive and defensive uses and that it was at least somewhat important (Vedder, Vanecek, Guynes Cappel, 1999). Most believed that spending time and resources on CI activities was appropriate and that their firm’s IT function, in particular, could benefit from using CI. The majority of CEOs believed that their organization’s CI efforts would expand within the next two to three years. Although results from this survey seem somewhat promising, the overall lack of managerial support within a number of organizations seems to be the greatest setback for successful CI implementation and, consequently, the biggest reason for its failure to be effective. Lack of managerial support may be attributed to several factors. First, managers often do not know what intelligence to ask for, or alternatively, do not know how to interpret or utilize the intelligence they receive. Second, managers often do not know how to use intelligence or CI departments efficiently. Finally, preconceived notions may obstruct managers’ views. It can be inferred that until these obstacles are overcome and managers change the value they place on the incorporation of intelligence into their daily operations, CI will remain of marginal significance (Gilad Smith, 1998). Each of these obstacles is discussed in more detail below. Technology of Production and Organization of Work The final element of the Five-Factor model encompasses a broader spectrum of ideas. It is not so much concerned with the available technology per se, but more with the way in which labor inputs are converted to outputs. That is, this element is mostly concerned with how tasks are organized and coordinated, not just by what machines, if any, are utilized. This element contemplates the required skills of the employees, the monitoring of employees, and task ambiguity and creativity (Baron Kreps, 1999). Culture Structure Competitive Intelligence Success Strategy Workforce Production Organization External Environment

Rise of Mass Society Essays

Rise of Mass Society Essays Rise of Mass Society Essay Rise of Mass Society Essay Rise of Mass Society Mass society arose in the Gilded Age in many ways. People moved back to the cities for many reasons. Farmers were forced to relocate because of the production of heavy machinery, the educational, medical care, and just sheer leisure that the city could offer. With the additional people who had moved into the city also came concern for sanitation. The population of New York City doubling each decade it created for an unsanitary condition as the infrastructure was not adequate to sustain the amount of people living in the cities. By the end of the 19th century the population had gotten to four million. Such extraordinary human overcrowding shared with a simple infrastructure made for the best conditions for an intense rise in widespread disease. Mosquito and tick borne diseases like malaria along with cholera, typhoid, typhus, and yellow fever festered. The citys death rate increase rapidly, and children died in great amounts. The city seemed to be coming apart. New York Citys substructure was dependent on horses. Between 100,000 and 200,000 horses was living in the city at any time (2008). Each horse gave off 24 pounds of feces and many quarts of urine daily. Even with the presence of animals, the city had no efficient street-cleaning techniques. Horse carcasses presented additional problems with the street cleaning, as the carcass can weigh as much as 1,200 pounds, much heavier than any person can lift and move (2008). When a horse did die it would have been left to rot then moved when it was manageable. With the invention of the electric and trolley cars the need for horse drawn transportation lessened. Eventually the horse would not be wanted within the city as a mode of transportation as the cable car and the electric trolley cars entered the city. The advantages assured by automobile supporters appeared to be realized. Streets were cleaner, pollution from manure and the diseases created were diminished, goods were moved economically and proficiently, and movement of people from crowded cities to suburbs was faster by the automobile. Actions seemed to validate the benefits of the automobile over the horse. Railroads during the Gilded Age was one of, if not, the most important discovery during the time because of its ability to transport people and their belongings to many places of the country where it would have taken days or weeks to travel with previous means of transportation. Railroads promoted economic growth towards civilization because trading within the country was more accessible than ever before and new businesses were created because of the creation. Railroads unlike horses during the time couldn’t travel at a high speeds for a long time without or little stopping. In 1862 the Pacific Railroad Act was established to help create the transcontinental railroad by authorizing grants and loans to companies who were involved in the making of the railroad. The transcontinental railroad was a combination of two railroad companies working together, the Central Pacific and Union Pacific. Millions of immigrants were accountable for most of the labor in the making of the transcontinental railroad. Most of the immigrants were of Irish and Chinese background. The transcontinental railroad was completed on May 10, 1869. The immigrants who helped created the railroads settled in the West because of the new industries being established in the West and all the opportunities the West presented itself. The transcontinental railroads expanded the population of the country instantly due to the discoveries towards the West. The railroads opened up many opportunities for people to start businesses and eventually created new industries. The railroads allowed the overcrowding of the East, due to the large amounts of immigrants, to minimize because of people moving towards the West in search for gold and better land for agriculture and ranching. The railroads provided jobs for many new settlers and immigrants in the West from the creation of the railroad itself, to the many jobs created because of the railroads. Since many people moved towards the West because of the new creation of the railroads, new towns formed into cities as the population of the West grew exponentially. With the farmers from the Great Plains and immigrants moving into the city there was a need for leisure time. The farmers had more time on their hands with the inventions of machinery for farming, they looked for things to do. Trains would bring spectators to watch the games several times a week. This was the beginning of the sport we call baseball. Post-civil war was an unsure time for everyone because of the change. Whether it was rebuilding their houses, towns or being equal with African Americans. Baseball was something that brought everyone together and made them forget about everything, it helped people enjoy themselves whether they were watching or playing themselves. It didn’t matter if one was white, black or purple it was part of their life. Baseball soon became known as Americas favorite past time for these reasons. At first baseball was segregated, as everything else was, there was even a Negro league. In 1888, the segregation ended and African Americans were allowed to play with whites. Some star players such as Cap Anderson refused to play with blacks. Even though the segregation had ended, blacks were still discriminated for over 60 years until Jackie Robinson signed with the Dodgers. The cultural phenomena during the Gilded Age developed in many ways. Farmers were forced to relocate into the cities due to not being able to expand their farms or from machinery. Immigrants moved into the large cities in order to obtain work. The city’s infrastructure was not adequate to sustain such a large population of people and horses alike. Many people died due to the unsanitary conditions of the city. Railroads assisted with migrating west, eliminating contaminate within the city, as well as transportation to spectator sports such as baseball.

Internment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Internment - Research Paper Example Cause of the Internment The provocation for the Americans to enter into a war was brought about by Japan which by then had joined the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis in September 1940 by signing the tripartite pact. The United States got alarmed when Japan anticipated building an East Asian empire. The United Sates responded to the invasion of the Japanese forces into French Indochina by adding items to a lengthy list of embargoed Japanese goods and eventually the US froze all its’ trades with the Japan. In 1941 the US intelligence sent out warnings to commanders of U.S bases in the pacific when he become aware of Japanese plans to attack. The American officials did not think the threat was significant but they were proven wrong on December 7th 1941 when the Japanese planes bombed the U.S. base at Pearl Harbor in an attempt to destroy American sea power in the pacific. During this time the Japanese destroyed nearly 200 aircraft, eight battleships, three cruisers and almost 2,400 Americ ans died. On December 8th, the senate voted in favor of Franklin Roosevelt’s request for a declaration of war on Japan. Italy and Germany joined with Japan on 11th December on declaring war to the U.S., this led the U.S. into world war two (Inada, Society, pxi). Japanese American Internment The Japanese American internment occurred in the year 1942 and ended in the year 1945. Japanese war time internment refers to a forcible relocation and internment by the United States government in 1942, where around 110,000 Japanese nationals and Japanese Americans who lived along the pacific coast of the United States to housing facilities that were called war relocation camps (these camps were 10 and they were situated in seven states) at the wake of imperial Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on 7th December 1941 (Burgan, p10). The Japanese Americans internment was applied unequally through out the United States. Franklin Roosevelt endorsed the internment using an Executive order 9066 to the military that was signed on February 19th 1942 using his authority as commander-in-chief to exercise war powers. The order gave the military the right to relocate United States citizens who were thought to be potential enemies of the state. Many Japanese ancestries lost their homes, businesses and all their worldly possessions during the internment. The Japanese American who were also known as the Nikkei community was made up of several various distinct groups who included; the Issei, Nisei, Sansei and Kibei, the Issei were the first generation and immigrants living in the US and they were considered to be more dangerous because they were spies for Japan and still closely tied to their mother country. The Nisei were the second generation and these were people who were born in the United States to people of Japanese ancestry from the Japan. The Sansei were the third generation and these were people who were born by the Nisei and were most assimilated with the Americ an culture. The Kibei were the U.S. citizens who were educated in the Japan. All the first three groups (Issei, Nisei and the Sansei) were interned. (Robinson, p4). Housing/the internment camps The Japanese families were housed in various camps around the U.S., the camps were enclosed with barbed wire, sentry post, armed guards and several towers. These camps had not much detailed planning as they were built quickly during the summer of 1942. The residences were long

Law of sales and the uniform commercial code(SLP) Essay

Law of sales and the uniform commercial code(SLP) - Essay Example 2.2 The payment of the Purchase Price shall be made in full by means of telegraphic transfer of immediate available funds to the Sellers account maintained with National Westminster Bank, Bournemouth Branch, The Square, 5 Old Christchurch Road, Bournemouth, BH1 1DU, UK, (US Dollar Account No.06236820). 3.4. Unless otherwise agreed in writing between the parties delivery shall take place at Bournemouth International Airport, Bournemouth, before which the Buyer has inspected all technical documentation and agreed that it is to his satisfaction. 3.5. Delivery of the Aircraft shall include the original historical records pertaining Aircraft and Engines. The delivery will be deemed complete if some conditions are met, the first condition being that only after the Seller has delivered the original and complete historical records, and the Buyer has inspected and accepted the original and complete historical records, will the contract be complete. The second condition is that the inspection will include the current AD/SB status of the Aircraft and Engines, as well as documents showing complete traceability to zero of the Life Limited Parts of the Aircraft and Engines and all records are accepted by the Buyer. If the above conditions are met, then the Sellers responsibility for delivery of the Aircraft will have been completed. The Buyer shall acknowledge such delivery and acceptance by the execution of Exhibit C. 3.6. The Buyer agrees after accepting delivery of the aircraft to remove the aircraft from the Sellers premises within seven working days, unless communication is made in writing between the two parties on another date. All costs associated with the removal of the aircraft from the Sellers premises will be to the cost of the Buyer. If the Buyer is unable to take the aircraft after seven days, then the Seller will be able to invoice the Seller parking

Culture Art and Technology Essay Example for Free

Culture Art and Technology Essay Among figures of religion, Mahatma Gandhi, Mohammed, and Siddhartha Gautama are some of the prominent individuals who have shared before the world their religious experiences with respect to their own religion. Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism have all received a great amount of fundamental advancement from the ideas and actions of these important individuals. Not only did they help shape the very religion they are attached to—they established it like no other. Yet even though their beliefs and characters are particularly unique from one another being human examples of the tradition in which they are a part of, they still hold one common strand—they all had religious experiences that were influenced by their family ties, geographical location and cultural background to name a few. Through the course of the years, history tells us that the raids later evolved into a struggle motivated by religious grounding— believers against non-believers. This indicates the idea that the spiritual experiences and conquests of Mohammed hold a central position in defining the religious practices of Muslims. While Gandhi espouses peaceful and non-violent methods in attaining the causes of Hinduism, Mohammed and Islam’s concept of jihad adopts the idea that religion itself can be the primary reason for engaging in violent measures in order to further the goal of Islam. Nevertheless, the fact remains that Mohammed’s role in the development of Islam as an established religion in many countries separated by geographical boundaries is crucial inasmuch as it cannot be denied. The same holds true for Siddhartha Gautama whose reputation in the religion of Buddhism is greatly acknowledged as essential both by believers and academic scholars. As Herman Hesse suggests, Siddhartha espouses the idea that, for one to know one’s quest in life, it is imperative to find the source from within and not from without, like a â€Å"flowing river† that attracts â€Å"a deep love for this flowing water† (Hesse 100). Introspection, or an inner contemplation, is one of the main precepts being pushed forward by Siddhartha which further suggests the idea that each individual must take time to isolate one’s self from others in order to be able to focus and to introspect. This idea can be rooted from one of Siddhartha’s life-transforming moments. The religious experience of Siddhartha began after his encounter with a sick man, a poor man, a beggar and a corpse that revealed unto him the idea that humanity is filled with sorrow brought about by the sufferings in life . Being isolated away from the outside world after being confined within his home for almost the entire duration of his early years, Siddhartha began to realize the deeper side of life after the experience. He decided to leave behind his previous lifestyle and pursued, instead, a life of intense asceticism. However, Siddhartha realized that to live one’s life is to neither live in excessive abundance of wealth and material possessions nor in extreme plainness after overhearing a teacher discussing music. In the end, he pursed the Middle Way, or the way of life that takes the middle path instead of the extremes . These aspects hold the key to understanding the Buddhists’ primary religious experience which is significantly felt, at least in modern times, in the social context of teaching others the way of living life in the Middle Path through a life of internal contemplation or personal reflection. As Siddhartha dedicated his life to pursuing the Middle Path after his yogic meditations, followers of the Buddhist religion later on adopted this method as one of the cornerstones or identities of their group. This suggests the idea that the religious experience of Buddhists in general is strongly tied to a personal level as its most basic foundation. Manifested through yogic meditations, Buddhist monks of today incorporate in their daily lives these principles . Moreover, it can be observed that Islam calls for a life that is centered on Allah while Hinduism, as exemplified by the life of Gandhi, calls for a life that should be dedicated towards the lives of others . It is religious imperative in Islam that Muslims should direct their lives towards revering Allah in every thought and action and that, correspondingly, the religious experience of every Muslim should all the more reflect their strong attachment to Allah (Boyd 69). As Mohammed himself is the foremost Muslim who has been able to fully actualize this thought, it remained an integral part in the lives of the millions of Muslims all around the world. This incorporates the idea that the religious experience of a single individual—the prophet Mohammed—has greatly affected the succeeding generations that came to follow the same path. While Islam essentially requires the primordial importance of Allah, Hinduism has been closely attached to the sense that it is a religion that is centered on others. The same holds true for Buddhism although the religion reflects reverence to â€Å"the Awakened One† or Buddha and that Hinduism itself has its own versions of celestial entities or â€Å"Devas† as well as the concept of â€Å"Brahman† which refers to the greater Self or God. These things constitute the belief that, although Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam have parallel ideas of higher beings or divine entities, it appears that Islamic treatment for a higher being supersedes those of the other two. This can be rooted out from the fact that the scriptures of Islam and its religious followers and believers put Allah above everything else while Hinduism and Buddhism, through their yogic meditations, allow or give due importance to the self as well. This is not to say that Islam as a religion does not give due importance to its believers. It only entails the idea that Islam treats man as a being that should be placed under Allah and that Hinduism and Buddhism illustrate a rather more salient consideration for the welfare of man. Mahatma Gandhi, for example, showed his concern for others by teaching the poor exploited peasants in the region of Champaran in Bihar about the satyagraha, inquiring about their sufferings, educating them to fight for their rights and at the same time to carry out their obligations to the nation as a whole . Siddhartha, on the other hand, lived his forty-five years traveling along the country, finding sustenance on the alms given by other people after teaching the people the means that will liberate humanity from worldly sufferings . Moreover, one of the notable religious experiences of both Gandhi and Siddhartha is pegged on the idea that they both waged a â€Å"battle† in terms of forwarding their beliefs in the context of their religion. While Gandhi strived for peaceful measures—passive resistance, for example—in order to achieve his aim for a peaceful world with equality among religions and Siddhartha pushed his ideologies of liberating humanity from the worldly sufferings they experience through teaching them the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, Mohammed took a rather different approach. The fact that Mohammed engaged in jihad or in battles through the â€Å"sword† reveals the idea that Mohammed will take up arms in defending the religion against aggressors or in forwarding Islamic tenets. Thus, it can be argued that the religious experience of Mohammed, or at least the part in which he waged battles in his religious life, is distinctively different from those of Gandhi and Siddhartha. The differences in the religious experiences among the three can be largely seen on their corresponding actions and exploits during their existence and the resulting consequences it created on their religions. This also affects these religions view on disasters. Jihad is indubitably a central part of Islam; Yogic meditations play a significant role in Buddhism and Hinduism with former embracing the Middle Path and the latter guiding the lives of its believers through its sacred texts. The Qur’an greatly emphasizes the idea that Allah should be above everything else; Hinduism seeks to treat everyone and every other religion their due recognition in the sense that to each is his own truth or, at the most, God; and Buddhism’s goal is to free human beings from suffering and the cycle of rebirth and make them know the â€Å"truth†. Conclusion The religious experiences of Mahatma Gandhi, Siddhartha Gautama, and Mohammed all have a great bearing on the religions they belong to. These individuals have a large sum of contributions not only to the expansion of the reaches of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam but on the very central precepts of these religions. Although each of them has their own specific religious experiences and beliefs, and that while it may be true that each of them forwards distinctive approaches in meeting their religious goals, they all nevertheless share the parallel idea that religion is a significant section of their lives. In essence, however, their respective cultural background, geographical location, and family ties among many others have strongly shaped their religious experiences which, as a consequence, influenced their religion. Above all these, by comparing and contrasting the lives of Mohammed, Siddhartha and Gandhi, one is able to better understand some of the main—and oftentimes subtle—differences between these religions view on disasters in life. References: Aly, A. The Life of the Prophet Muhammad. 1999. (October 3, 1999): ATT Knowledge Ventures. April 2008. http://home. att. net/~a. f. aly/muhammad. htm. Borman, William. Life, the Chief Value: Wrong Aims and Methods, and False Views. Boyd, Stephen Blake. Malcolm Xs Religious Pilgrimage: From Black Separatism to a Universal Way. Redeeming Men: Religion and Masculinities. Ed. Stephen Blake Boyd. Louisville, Ky: Westminster John Knox Press, 1996. 69. Gandhi and Non-Violence. Albany, N. Y. : State University of New York Press, 1986. 200. Gandhi, Mahatma. An Autobiography: The Story of My Experiments with Truth. Long Island, N. Y. : Buccaneer Books Inc, 2007. Hesse, Hermann. Siddhartha. New York: Bantam Classics, 1981. Levine, Marvin. The Story of Siddhartha. The Positive Psychology of Buddhism and Yoga: Paths to a Mature Happiness: With a Special Application to Handling Anger. Mahwah, N. J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. , 2000. 12. Life of Siddhartha Gautama. 2002. Human Ecology. April 2008. http://199. 33. 141. 196/courses/idm2002/leung/rootbiography/pages/Life/lifemain. html. Mahatma Gandhi: His Life in Pictures. New Delhi: The Central Electric Press, 1954. Neusner, Jacob, and Tamara Sonn. Jihad (Islam). Comparing Religions through Law: Judaism and Islam. New York: Routledge, 2002. 203. Some Thoughts on the Power of Focused, Principled Hatred. Imperial Hubris: Why the West Is Losing the War on Terror. Washington, D. C. : Brasseys Books, 2004. 6. Swenson, Don. The Dilemma of Delimitation: The Study of Ethos. Society, Spirituality, and the Sacred: A Social Scientific Introduction. Peterborough, Ont. , Canada: New York Broadview Press, 1999. 255. Yob, Iris M. Growing up Buddhist. Keys to Interfaith Parenting. Hauppauge, N. Y. : Barrons, 1998. 79.

My Philosophy on Life Essay -- Philosophical Life Essays

My Philosophy on Life Do you ever wonder why you are put into situations that you don’t know how to deal with? Would it disappear if you just closed your eyes to the many lights that life produces? Well most cases it doesn’t, the light is shining in your eyes like the sun and you have to deal with it. Sometimes I wonder why I act the way I do, and why I have to deal with situations that aren’t always the most comforting. You think you have something, but you realize that you have nothing on that one piece of life’s puzzle. When you sit down to think in silence about the world revolving around you, you realize that piece is near you. However, it is not close enough to grab with your hand or heart. You want to react with your mind, but your heart seers you in other directions that you weren’t ready for. When you think that you have found that perfect piece to complete the puzzle, you second-guess yourself about it. Is it really the prefect piece that will make the puzzle stronger, or are there other pieces that are better? Your mind runs faster than you can handle and it makes you think about the other pieces in the puzzle. Are the other pieces going to slowly come apart too or are they glued together and stable? You wonder that maybe-other pieces the perfect ones either, which gives you even more questions. Then you look at every piece individually and see how those pieces make you happy or sad. That one piece that brings you joy everyday knowing that it will be with you indefinitely. You dream at night about that one piece because you know it is the perfect piece to the puzzle that you can rely on. There are many pieces that allow ones mind to question, but you seem to glue that one piece into the puzzle. Some days the pieces all fit together, but other days, most pieces are scattered among others. One day brings hope, joy, confidence and happiness, but the next moment, it brings sadness, hopelessness, and loneliness. It takes time to find these p ieces to build the puzzle back to stability, but you find it easier to just forget about those negative pieces, You look back on those pieces, the good and the bad and sometimes wonder if you could have them back for just one day. You miss what those pieces brought to your life when they were positive, and tend to forget why they wondered away. Once you remember, you question your judgement. Life is full of many... ... change it. The problem is, you can’t change it no matter how tight you close your eyes and hope. Face problems as they occur, you cannot run from any problem, no matter how major or minor it may be. Where ever you run, the problem is following you, and can’t disappear until you deal with it. Open your eyes to what is going on now, and make the best of every situation. Your conscious follows you in your dreams and will never let you forget what has happened, it is always in the back of your mind. Never go to bed angry because the problem will be there when you wake up. You may lose sleep over the problem, because you constantly think about how you could have changed things or what you could have done different. Do you ever realize that you think of something better to say or better to do after you do it? This is because sometimes you react without fully thinking about the situation. You use your mind instead of your heart sometimes. Your mind gives you a quick react ion on what to do, which may not always be the best. The heart tells you the true thing to do, and lets you know when you were wrong. It examines the situation to the fullest and decides what is the right thing to do.

Interest Groups Essay

They vary considerably in size and ideological perspectives. The strategies and tools employed by interest groups are not static, and they differ depending on the geographical scope of their operations and the resources they have. While many interest groups tend to address a wide range of issues, others deal with distinct issues. The life span of interest groups is also not static. In this case, some groups have long term objectives; hence, they remain active for long duration. For instance, the interest groups that aim at challenging policy issues and politics operate on a long term basis. On the other hand, some groups are usually initiated with an aim of achieving a particular end after which they are dissolved. For example, during elections, many groups usually emerge with an aim of ensuring that the process is handled according to the stipulated guidelines of the electoral process. A representative government is always formulated in manner that facilitates participation of contending interests, and at the same time it tries to mitigate the variance that inexorably accompanies faction competition. In the traditional creation of pluralism, contending interests work together by mobilizing resources and opinions in order to enhance effective formulation and implementation of essential public policies. â€Å"Institutions are formed to accommodate the inevitability of diverse and competing interest from becoming powerful enough to undermine the rights of others† (Wilson, 2009). This process is governed by constitutional provisions, which stipulate the nature of interest groups’ activities. Therefore, many interest groups that work together tend to stabilize political environment, and this enables them to forward their interests to the government. â€Å"This implies that the pluralist vision of politics is an ideal vision of interest group politics and political institutions† (Barber, 1990). The activities conducted by various interest groups can be used to differentiate them. For instance, some of them endeavor to address several public issues, while others have a narrow scope of private interests. There are two distinct types of interest groups, and they can be described as follows. First, we have public interest groups, and they aim at working on issues that benefit the general public. For instance, they support policies that provide equal opportunities that can be enjoyed by everyone in the society. However, the success of public interest groups may not be very substantial at an individual level since they aim at reaching out to many people. â€Å"Some of the major public interest groups in his category are National Taxpayer’s Union and Concerned Women for America† (Orman, 1988). The second category is referred to as private interest groups. These are groups which endeavor to challenge public policies in order to specifically benefit their members or individuals that support their interests. Nonetheless, the objectives and activities of private interests groups should not interfere with the welfare of other individuals. Political self interest is perceived to b e healthy for a political system. In the USA, there is a popular belief that contending interests make the society more successful. This is because bad policies are always eliminated when various groups compete against each other â€Å"Other examples of interest groups include business organizations labor unions, Professional associations, and Non Governmental Organizations† (Grossman, 2002). The Relationship between Interest Groups and Political Parties There is no great disparity between political parties and various interest groups, because they are both composed of individuals having common objectives and opinions. Apart from this, â€Å"they are similar in the sense that they both seek to challenge government institutions, elections, and they all make public policy choices† (Brunell, 2005). Nonetheless, there are significant variations between these two bodies. Generally, interest groups never directly support their own members to contest for public office, especially in a case where economic parameter is concerned. In most cases, interest groups never adopt overt party labels, which electors use to identify and express their political affiliations (Dulilio & Wilson, 2011). However, some electors may link particular interest groups with specific parties in a general manner. For example, the Tea Party is often linked with the Republicans and the white conservatives. In the recent past, public interest groups that are ideologically driven have increased considerably (King, 2011). For instance, a there are some groups which have pushed the tax agenda in political circles. Another distinguishing factor is that interest groups have a limited focus, and they only handle specific issues of concern in the public policy. For example, â€Å"interest groups form around specific concerns like environment, free speech, tax reform, and labor standards† (Petracca, 1992). In contrast to this, political parties tend to focus on several issues. Moreover, political parties try to merge some of these facades under one â€Å"big umbrella†. In some circumstances, interest groups seriously struggle against political parties. For instance, some internal rivalries have been witnessed in key political parties that operate in Texas. When elections were conducted in 2000, several environmentalists who were members of the Texas Democratic Party massively supported Ralph Nader, the Green Party candidate, since they felt that Al Gore was less committed toward environmental issues. They labeled him â€Å"not green enough†. On the other hand, some Republicans have tried to make the party conservative by working against some of their Republican colleagues. This indicates that the interest groups tend to favor parties and politicians that support their interests, and they ignore those who are less committed in helping them. Interest groups always aim at maximizing policies, while political parties are usually trying to obtain many Congress seats. These competing interests influence the manner political parties relate with the interest groups. According Thomas Brunell, â€Å"interest groups have a preference as which party controls a majority of seats in Congress, which leads them to direct â€Å"sincere† and electorally useful money to this party† (Hay, 2001) When interest groups offer funds to the â€Å"other† party, they always fund it in a manner that is less effective. Interest groups usually execute this goal by offering strategic funds to this party as follows: provide little financial support particularly to the popular candidates who do not necessarily have to be funded in order to succeed in the elections. They can also choose to fund incumbent candidates who already have political clout. Therefore, even if these groups offer funds to these parties, they always do it in a biased manner, and they favor only the parties that are likely to push forward their interests. These funds enable their preferred candidates to run their campaigns smoothly without experiencing financial hitches. Apart from offering finances, interest groups also provide key information that enables their favorite candidates to be more competitive than other contenders. They also sensitize their preferred candidates on issues that always influence election outcomes. All these services are organized by interest groups with an aim of fulfilling their common objective of influencing election results and policies. The fact that these institutions have a relationship is therefore undeniable. These groups often forge close ties and pursue similar objectives in order to enhance their political clout. Nonetheless, they remain independent, and their nature of operation and design also remain different. â€Å"The space for action, speech and flexibility that is maintained in politics makes them much more political than interest groups† (Grossman, 2002). How Interest Groups Try to Influence the President and the Congress? Although interest groups do not directly have elected members in political offices, they do aim at fixing their members into appointed positions. They normally do this to enable them perform their state functions through mechanisms that support the desired policies of the interests groups that facilitated their appointments. The fact that â€Å"groups† operate as political players has always been recognized and examined, even if not properly understood. The manipulation of legislative processes by groups is a question that has not yet been answered, and it is still being begged. Between the period of the 1970 and 1980s, some â€Å"explosions† were witnessed in Washington, and researchers have wanted to clearly understand them. As many groups emerged in Washington, many people joined them, and the groups increasingly funded parties. The citizens at the same time criticized the roles of interest groups and joined them in large numbers probably to suppress the powerful corporate groups. The role of groups in policy issues seemed to have taken a new dimension, and everyone was keen to see how it happened. Therefore, it can be argued that group manipulation of the Congress can be identified by simply examining the development of legislation that a group is favoring. For instance, a group’s ineffectiveness in legislative process can be measured through its failure to intercept unpopular bills. In general, â€Å"interest group activities predict, at least in part, how far bills will progress through the legislative process† (Brunell, 2005). The term influence as applied in this context is quite narrow from the perspective of interest groups, and it is broad from a congressional perspective. Interest groups perceive influence as a process that should produce good policies or prevent undesirable policies from being adopted. However, a group does not have to obtain policies from the Congress that directly indicate their actual desires; rather a group’s influence is seen when the Congress makes or discards a policy, which is in line with the interests of a group. From a congressional perspective, influence emerging from interest groups can come in several ways. Interest groups are often said to have manipulated the Congress when its members are compelled or encouraged to change the course or provisions of a given bill in order to meet the demands of the interest groups. This influence might come in the form of a change of wording, a passage from a subcommittee, and not passing from a standing committee† (Orman, 1988). In this process, interest groups may lead to the change of legislation, and the president may not have the capacity to reverse the whole process of legislation, even if he does not like the content of the bill. On the other hand, the president can also manipulate the Congress by working closely with the interest groups. As discussed above, the law making process can be indirectly manipulated through elections. For instance, an incumbent President may pass some bills in favor of some groups so that he may get some support from them during the next elections. Besides this, interest groups may support pliable candidates whom they can easily manipulate during the law making processes. This symbiotic relationship between the interest groups and the politicians to some extent affect the capacity of both the president and the Congress to formulate effective laws. Politics in America has become complicated to many politicians. This is because interest groups have managed to seriously entrench themselves in politics and much of their attention has been geared towards influencing the White House. â€Å"Since the American President has come to play an increasingly important role in the public policy process, interest groups and their lobbyists now descend on the presidency with the same vigor as they descend on the congress† (Orman, 1988). In this context, the president is faced with the challenge of fulfilling the needs of the ordinary citizens and the interest groups. Interest groups have faced much criticism especially when it comes to policy issues. Its critics contend that most of the policy issues dealt with by interests groups have no connection to the desires of the public. The leaders of these groups have also been blamed for being dishonest because they always fail to fulfill the demands of their members. The weaknesses of the interests groups have been seen as one of the factors interfering with democracy in the USA. It has also been noted with a lot of concern that some political candidates have been seriously intimidated by some interest groups, and this further affects the reputation of the interest groups. Conclusion  The above discussion indicates that the American government is guided various institutions, which work together with an aim of building a more democratic society. The interest groups have been instrumental in addressing the plight of the public by ensuring that policy issues are handled properly. The effectiveness of the government has also been enhanced by the numerous contending interests. The American government has been able to adopt better policies due to the serious competition that exists among various institutions. These groups have played a fundamental role of widening the democratic space in America. The American government has been influenced by several groups over the years to an extent that some individuals refer to it as â€Å"a world of interest groups†. The interest groups should, therefore remain committed towards enhancing democracy and good governance. And I think those groups have same mission, it’s to make the government do something right like that should be. for example, national education thinks that the system of lesson in ur country have to be changed because it is not effective, so the collect the data to support their argument, and send it to government, and hope it will influence the policy.