Examples Of Courtship In Jane Eyre - 1699 Words

Courtship was a game with rules that demand to be followed. Traditions had to be upheld. The rules of courtship dictated what someone could do with another person. The rules dictated when those things could be done. They established lines that are not to be crossed. It was a game, like any other, with winners and losers. The society and setting we find in Jane Eyre demands that those who hope to win the game of courtship follow the standards of courtship as closely as they can if they desire to ever have the hope of what would be considered a â€Å"happy ending†. A â€Å"happy ending† is defined as a marriage between two suitable figures that would be full of contentment and last for the rest of their lives. A man with wealth and status would†¦show more content†¦The paradox that Mr. Rochester only receives what he was promised when he does not do what he was told to receive it provides shows us the meaninglessness of the rules altogether. The novel undermines the social norms of courtship by rewarding Mr. Rochester with a happy marriage even though he is not seen as having deserved it by the rules of courtship. By doing this, the novel accomplishes the championship of the idea that it is not archaic rules that determine if someone will be happily married with someone else, but the way those people develop in love. In his first marriage, Mr. Rochester followed the rules of courtship. He does what society told him to do to gain a prosperous marriage and the â€Å"happy ending† he sought. He describes the person he was when he walked into the situation as â€Å"a wild boy indulged from childhood upwards† (Bronte, p. 413). He paints himself as someone who began his first courtship with little maturity or genuine experience with the world he was stepping into because of the spoiling he received growing up. Like a child that’s wandered into the forest thinking he is preparing himself for an adventure, he only realizes when it is too late the dangers of the situation he has found himself in. Yet even in this first courtship, there were intentions at play. Mr. Rochester claims that he â€Å"must be provided for by a wealthy marriage† (Bronte, p. 582),Show MoreRelatedEdward Rochester: The Byronic Hero Essay742 Words   |  3 Pagessort of experience. For example, when Edward Rochester married Bertha Mason, he was totally unaware that madness ran down her family line. Eventually, when he found out he had no option but to take her to his country house – Thornfield Hall and lock her up. Due to this dilemma his wedding with Jane Eyre had been affected, as he already has a wife, he could not marry Jane. Another factor that is linked to a Byronic Hero is ‘rude’. Rochester is often snappy and terse with Jane. Such as when she is calledRead More The Language of Slavery in Jane Eyre Essay2609 Words   |  11 PagesUnfortunately, Bronte goes too far. She creates a narrator, Jane, who exploits images of slavery, using them to obtain personal gain and dismissing them when convenient. It is obvious that Bronte makes use of the experiences of the British colonies throughout the text of Jane Eyre. In an effort to make her readers more comfortable Bronte chooses not to address the issue of British dominance and colonization directly. Throughout the text Jane conjures images of slavery from the Far East, convenientlyRead MoreEssay on Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights - A Truly Romantic Novel847 Words   |  4 Pages(Emily Bronte under the pseudonym Ellis Bell) was widely criticized for authoring a piece of work with such blatant tones of mental disturbance.   One reviewer, compared Wuthering Heights to Jane Eyre saying that, Wuthering Heights casts a gloom over the mind that is not easily dispelled (WH 300) while Jane Eyre manages to provide some cathartic element that offers its reader a release.   While, obviously not loved by all, the subject matter of WH was new and unique to the time, offering a break fromRead MoreJane Eyres Childhood as a Precedent for All t he Trouble Essay1785 Words   |  8 PagesJane Eyres Childhood as a Precedent for All the Trouble Jane Eyres literary success of the time has been cheaply commercialized. In other words, Brontes novel never got the appreciation it deserved, in the areas it deserved. Many 19th century critics merely assigned literary themes to their reviews to get it over with. Critics commended Jane Eyre for everything from its themes to its form. However, their surface examinations amount to nothing without careful consideration of the deeper underlyingRead MoreJane Eyre: Sexism1879 Words   |  8 PagesIn the cases of Jane Austens novel Pride and Prejudice and Emily Brontes Jane Eyre, the ideals of romantic love are very much the same. In both 19th century novels, womens wants and needs are rather simplified. However, this could also be said for the roles and ideals of the male characters. While it was obvious that this era was responsible for a large amount of anti-female sexism in society and the economy, can it also be said that male-female partnerships were simplified from the male perspec tiveRead MoreRepresentation of the Other in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay4463 Words   |  18 PagesRepresentation of the ‘Other’ in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Abstract This study aims at examining the representation of the’ other’ as portrayed in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre (1847). It attempts to inspect how the ‘Other’ is viewed in Nineteenth century England and the cultural ideology behind such specific representation. It poses crucial questions as to why the ‘Other’ is always represented negatively in main-stream western narrative as in the case of Bertha Mason who is portrayed asRead MoreEssay on Wuthering Heights, Jane Eyre and Pride and Prejudice1903 Words   |  8 PagesWuthering Heights, Jane Eyre and Pride and Prejudice Wuthering Heights presents the theme of love within and outside of marriage. This book has a major female character whose marriage conflicts in some way with her ideal of love. Catherines first love is Heathcliff. She falls in love with him as both grow up together. Yet she finds a different kind of love with Edgar Linton. Catherine decides to marry Edgar, who can satisfy her civilized side. When Heathcliff returnsRead MoreEssay on Outline of Marriage in the Victorian Era895 Words   |  4 PagesWomen married because they had a lack of options; they were not formerly educated, and were only instructed in domestic duties. They needed someone to support them, and were encouraged to marry and have children (The Rules of Marriage). The Courtship * Marriage was a carefully contemplated subject for a woman; since she would lose control over any possessions once married, it was not something entered into lightly, and a woman was not required to accept her first proposal. * The financialRead More Reactions to Patriarchal Oppression by Jane Eyre and Bertha Mason3826 Words   |  16 PagesReactions to Patriarchal Oppression by Jane Eyre and Bertha Mason Missing Works Cited    Jane Eyre and Bertha Mason are both oppressed by the British patriarchal system were men are the makers, interpreters, and enforcers of social and political rules. However, these two women differ greatly in the ways that they accept and cope with the reality of their place in society, and it is these differences that ultimately determine their fate. Jane Eyre follows the rules. Although she initially revoltsRead MoreA Dialogue of Self and Soul11424 Words   |  46 Pages for and about mothers. The Madwoman in the Attic was a landmark in feminist criticism. It focuses almost exclusively on the issue of gender in relation to women, though it refers brieï ¬â€šy to the ambiguous class position of governesses such as Jane Eyre. The authors analyse the intertwined processes of female rebellion and repression in the narrative and highlight in particular the reading of Bertha Mason, the mad wife, as the symbol of Jane’s repressed passion. This was later to become an accepted

Factoring - 9727 Words

[pic] |INDEX | |CHAPTER No. |Particulars |Page no. | |1. |Introduction, meaning defination. |3 | |2. |Modus operandi, terms and condition |4-6 | |3. |Function, types, beneifits of factoring |7-10 |†¦show more content†¦According to Webster dictionary ‘Factor’ is an agent, as a banking or insurance company, engaged in financing the operation of the certain companies or in financing wholesale or retail trade sale, trough the purchase of account receivables. As the directory rightly points out factoring is nothing but financing through purchase of account receivables Thus, factoring is a method of financing whereby a company sells its trade debts at a discount to the financial institution. In other words, factoring is a continuous arrangement between the financial institution and a company which sells goods and services to trade the customer on credit. As per this arrangement, the factor purchase the client’s trade debts including account receivables either with or without recourse to the client, and thus, e xercise control over credit extended to the customers and administer the sales ledger of his client. The client is immediately paid 80percent of the trade debts taken over and when the trade customers repay their dues, the factor will make the remaining 20 percent payment. To put in layman’s language, a factor is an agent who collects the dues of his client for a certain. 1.3 DEFINATION Robert W. Johnson in his book ‘Financial Management’ states, â€Å"factoring is a service involving the purchase by a financial organization, called a factor, of receivables owned to manufacturers and distributors by their customers,Show MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Factoring On An International Scale1102 Words   |  5 Pages Factoring is a form of commercial finance which provides funding services to businesses who either do not qualify for traditional financing or who desire to outsource their receivables and credit management to a third party while also having the option of drawing funds against the receivables being managed by the factor. Additionally, companies who are experiencing growth choose factoring as a finance tool due to its availability and flexibility as an aid to fuel their growth. Much can be learnedRead MoreDebt and Factoring1005 Words   |  5 Pagesquickest forms of low cost business finance is factoring, where you can get up to 85% of the value of your invoice immediately, and the remainder (minus the factoring company’s fee) after the money is collected. kFactoring is one of the best ways to get quick finance, improving your cashflow and allowing you to make the most of your sales without risking late payment. What is factoring? You can image that just be simple to sell your invoice to a factoring company. You can get cash quickly, have a chanceRead MoreAdvice For Noc Ltd, A Uk Toiletry Manufacturer1451 Words   |  6 Pagesface cash flow risks due to their open account trade as buyers are enjoying 30 days credit thereby causing NOC Ltd to run out of cash to pay its creditors. However, NOC Ltd can use other trade finance techniques, such as export credit insurance, factoring or even negotiate a period of credit from its suppliers to help mitigate the risk of non-payment which is associated with the company’s 30 day open account trade. An export credit insurance provides protection against commercial losses such as defaultRead MoreAccounting Finance Questions1228 Words   |  5 Pagesfinancing to solve the cash-flow problem. Discuss how this form of finance works and explain which institutions provide this form of finance. ii) An alternative arrangement is debt factoring. Describe the nature and operation of factoring as a form of finance and explain why a company may prefer debt factoring to accounts receivable financing.Read MoreAging Schedule of Accounts Receivable1396 Words   |  6 Pages8%36590=1.97% Total interest paid=1.97% Ãâ€"$35,200=$694.36 EAR= $ 694.36+$800$35,200Ãâ€"36590=17.22% The effective annual rate for pledging accounts receivable and factoring accounts receivable is 9% and 17.22%, respectively. 7. If I were to represent the commercial bank I would tell Howard that pledging his accounts receivable is better than factoring because there will be no transfer of the ownership of the accounts receivable and customer remittances will go directly to the company. In addition, hiringRead MoreSources of Finance1627 Words   |  7 PagesVenture Capitalists want their money back and profits either made from the business or out of the owner’s personal money in a short period of time. This is why they invested. Factoring- debt factoring means that the business sells its debt to another company and receives some of the money immediately. The debt factoring company collects the debts and takes a percentage cut for this service. An advantage could be a business can immediately receive cash for the customer accounts receivables thatRead MoreEffectiveness Of Working Capital Management Essay2137 Words   |  9 Pagesregularly so that he tracks his account. SMEs can outsource the management of receivables. Most financial institutions offer debt factoring services. Debt factoring is an arrangement were the institution can decide to pay a certain percentage of your invoices let’s say 85% immediately and the remainder will be settled when the debtors have fully repaid. In Zimbabwe factoring is not very popular even though some few companies have opened offices in some of the major towns. Managers of SMEs can make goodRead MoreMergers and Acquisitions: Proctor and Gamble, and Wella Ag3268 Words   |  14 Pagesintermediary who purchases accounts receivable at a discount. Under a factoring agreement companies sell or assign its account receivable to a factor in exchange for a cash advance (irs.gov). The factor typically changes interest on the advance plus a commission. The price paid for the receivables is discounted from their face amount to take into account the likelihood of uncollectibilty of some of the receivables (washington post.com, nd). Factoring is a technique used by companies to manage their accountsRead MoreButler Lumber Case952 Words   |  4 Pagesso was to calculate external funds needed, which was found to be $509.46 (Exhibit3). It was then understood that factoring accounts receivables at a discount of 3% would cause current assets to decrease by $8.02. By deducting this amount from the $509.46 EFN, we obtain net EFN of $501.44. We analyzed various options to achieve this level of EFN and found that a combination of factoring accounts receivables and maximizing our bank loan with Suburban National Bank was the viable solution. As statedRead MoreCase Module G : Walt Pavlo Mci2638 Words   |  11 Pageswrite-off the debt and share with Mann the payments received by the clients. Mann and Walt created this scheme to embezzle MCI clients into making payments believing the payments were to pay-off an agreement with Manatee Capital, in the business of factoring accounts receivable. This scheme was fraudulent, unethical and illegal. 2. What ethical issues should have occurred to Walt and MCI in regard to the schemes described? While devising the schemes, many ethical issues should have occurred to Walt

The History Of Coronary Heart Failure And Chronic...

Introduction T.S. is a 75-year-old male who has a history of coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebrovascular accident, hypertension, myocardial infarction, renal failure, atrial fibrillation, dyslipidemia, and severe cervical spinal stenosis C4-5. He underwent many procedures in the past, including coronary artery bypass graft, implantation of IV dual chamber permanent pacemaker, exploratory laparotomy, and cardiac pacemaker in situ. TS came into the ER at MMMC with complaints of nausea and vomiting, on March 21, 2017. He has been feeling nauseated and not feeling well for 3 days. When TS arrived at the ER, his peripheral capillary oxygen saturation or SpO2 was 80%, so 3L of oxygen†¦show more content†¦TS has not been tolerating his hemodialysis, and has been hypotensive. During my shift, midodrine was given prior to going to his hemodialysis to increase his blood pressure. TS’s diabetes is not well controlled; he had capillary blood glucose of 178 on March 22. He is currently receiving a sliding scale injection of Humalog. TS is not able to ambulate, stating, â€Å"they use hoyer lift to transfer me.† During his swallowing evaluation, I noticed that he was not able to lift up his right hand, and both of his upper and lower extremities were swollen. I also noticed that he had healing ulcers to his left and right second toes, and on the plantar surface of his fourth toe. He also had abrasion on his right shoulder, and a blister on his right elbow, covered with a dressing. After his session with the occupational therapist, we helped him reposition to reduce excessive pressure on his bony prominences. When I peeked at TS’s room after we documented his swallowing evaluation, he was staring at the window. He has depression, and a history of suicidal attempt. It would have been helpful to have a therapeutic communication with him, to help him express his feelings about his situation. Reflection Unfortunately, I was only with TS during my PT and OT experience for his swallowing evaluation. I was able to assist the occupational therapist with TS’s evaluation. During my hospital experience, TS went to his dialysis. I was not able to do a lot of interventions for his multipleShow MoreRelatedDisease Condition : Heart Failure906 Words   |  4 Pages Heart Failure Marikate Williams Delaware County Community College Disease Condition Heart failure (HF) is a chronic, progressive condition defined as the hearts inability to efficiently pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body (Naab, 2011). Heart failure may be the result of the heart chambers not adequately filling, also known as diastolic HF or the decreased contractility of the valves to perfuse blood to the body, also known as systolic HF. â€Å"Heart Failure isRead MoreDiagnosis And Treatment Of The American Heart Association1726 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"According to the American Heart Association (AHA) affects nearly 5.7 million Americans and is responsible for more hospitalizations than all forms of cancer combined. It is the number 1 cause of hospitalization for Medicare patients. With improved survival of patients with acute myocardial infarction and with a population that continues to age, heart failure will continue to increase in prominence as a major health problem in the United States† (Dimitru, 2015,p. Epidemiolo gy). I chose to reportRead MoreCase Study Of A Patient2213 Words   |  9 Pageseducational level is College Diploma. He is admitted with the medical history of chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD) disease and coronary artery disease (CAD). Definition of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) COPD is preventable and one of the most common respiratory diseases. COPD characterized by an airflow limitation that is progressive and not fully reversible. It is usually described as a mixture of chronic bronchitis (increased mucus production and recurrent cough present on mostRead MoreNursing Process Paper2695 Words   |  11 PagesNURSING PROCESS PAPER Nursing Process Paper â€Æ' Abstract This process paper will evaluate the complex relationship between disease pathophysiology and how it has progressed to the patient’s current state of health. It will include a comprehensive discussion of chronic and acute problems leading to the patient’s hospital admission, a complete description of interrelationships and pathophysiology for all medical diagnoses, a comprehensive discussion of the client’s signs and symptoms and resultsRead MoreA Short Note On Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease1836 Words   |  8 Pagesinclude the trachea, the bronchi, and the bronchioles. Chronic Bronchitis is a serious long-term lung disease that can be caused by a long-term exposure to inhaled irritants such as cigarettes. Chronic Bronchitis is one of the conditions that correlates with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). As the study shows M.K is noted to have a history of smoking for 22 years. Smoking is known to be the predominant cause associated with chron ic bronchitis. Risk factors commonly lead to acute exacerbationRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease1140 Words   |  5 PagesChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, also known as COPD, is defined as a progressive, chronic lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe by limiting airflow and it is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airway and shortness of breath and wheezing. BOOK/FAM PRAC â€Å"Progressive† means that the disease gets worse over time. â€Å"COPD is one of the important diseases that lead to restrictions, disability, and an increase in mortality rates among elder population† [4,5].TURK STUDY QUOTE TheRead MoreHeart Failure : A Clinical Syndrome Characterized By Structural Or Functional Impairment Of Ventricular8006 Words   |  33 PagesCLARIFICATION †¢ Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood resulting in insufficient perfusion to meet metabolic demands; most commonly results from impaired left ventricular myocardial function; cardinal manifestations include edema, dyspnea, and Fatigue4†¢5 CLASSIFICATION †¢ Classification by American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association {based on structure and progression of disease) 4 o StageARead MoreFactual Essay About Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease2424 Words   |  10 Pages CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE [pic] INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents significant challenges to a persons ability to carry out functional tasks and participate in social networks. Such factors are widely recognized as contributing to a persons sense of self identity, health and well-being. (Kerr, A, and C Ballinger 2010) Although there is no cure, the symptoms of COPD can be managed and damage to your lungs can be slowed down. If you smoke, quittingRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease3277 Words   |  13 Pagesincludes congestive heart failure exacerbation (CHF) with pneumonia (PNA). He has a full code status. Past medical history includes congestive heart failure, COPD, peptic ulcer, chronic kidney disease stage 3, anemia, and hypernatremia. Patient is a widower who lives with son and consumes no alcohol or illicit drugs, he has is an ex-smoker with a 70 pack year history. Patient is a retired mechanic with no family medical history on file; it is suspected that father had heart issu es. He has noRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking On The Decline Of Smoking Rates1072 Words   |  5 Pagesyear by 2030. Smoking is a behavioural risk factor that has been shown to greatly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. As well as this, it has also been shown to increase the risk of cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other respiratory diseases, and peripheral vascular disease. In those who do not smoke, second hand tobacco smoke is responsible for disease and premature death in adults and children. As well as the personal burden of smoking on the individual, smoking bears

Ethics and Professional Practice for Ethical Dilemma-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEthics and Professional Practice for Ethical Dilemma. Answer: Ethical Dilemma Surrounding Internet of Things The Internet of Things (IoT) is referred to a network of physical vehicles, home appliances and devices and other objects which are embedded with software, sensors, connectivity, actuators and electronics which allow these items to connect with each other and exchange data (Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic Palaniswami, 2013). With the popularity of smart devices and increased availability of high-speed internet, a large number of technology companies started introducing different IoT devices in the market. It is a fairly new industry, and each manufactures rushing to get the top spot in the industry due to which market is flooded with a large number of IoT devices which perform different operations such as home security, automated operations, and others (Lee Lee, 2015). However, along with the popularity of IoT devices, the risks associated with the technology have increased as well. Due to heavy competition, technology organisations are prioritising introduction of new products which result in compromising the security of these devices. This essay will focus on analysing the ethical dilemma surrounding IoT technology by analysing the article posted by The Atlantic titled The Internet of Things Needs a Code of Ethics (Waddell, 2017). Further, this essay will provide recommendations for addressing the ethical issues relating to IoT technology. In previous few years, digital technologies are becoming more and more prevalent which promotes the growth of IoT technology. However, it also results in increasing issues relating to IoT technology as well. A good example is malware called Mirai which attacked secured webcams and DVRs in order to disturb internet access in October 2016 (Kolias, Kambourakis, Stavrou Voas, 2017). It shows that cybercriminals can hack IoT devices, and they can take unfair advantage of them. Francine Berman, a computer-science professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, provided that along with the popularity of IoT technology, the ethical issues relating to the same will increase as well (Waddell, 2017). The key ethical issue with IoT technology is security and privacy concern of users. There is lack of legal and ethical framework in IoT industry which increases the concerns of governments, organisations and the general public. For example, it is difficult to assess who can be held responsible in t he case of Mirai malware attack. As per Berman, there is a shared responsibility between the government, innovators, companies and individuals, and they should try to utilise and create a framework for assigning accountability and responsibility in order to promote IoT technology for public good (Waddell, 2017). IoT devices rely on an internet connection to work properly, and different IoT devices connect with each other to communicate and share the users data. It means that cybercriminals can target one IoT device and through which they can collect data from other IoT devices as well (Graham Haarstad, 2014). It means that lack of security in one IoT device can result in compromising the security of other IoT devices which are manufactured by other corporations. Berman stated that this is a starting phase and people, organisations and the government should learn from experiences of this phase to improve products in the future. According to Utilitarianism ethics theory, a right or wrong of a situation is determined by its consequences rather than actions (Caron, Bosua, Maynard Ahmad, 2016). Based on the principles of this theory, people should not judge IoT technology based on its ethical issues. This technology has a potential to completely change peoples lives in the future, for the bette r. Therefore, organisations and the government should promote the development of IoT technology. However, privacy and security of each individual are crucial, therefore, technology companies should prioritise the security of people which making IoT devices. Conclusively, corporations should ensure that these devices are secured from hacking and cyber-attacks, and they should focus on improving the security in devices rather than focusing on increasing the sales of the devices. Critique of Australian Computer Society Code of Ethics The Australian Computer Society (ACS) is referred to an association of more than 26 thousand professionals from information and communication technology (ICT) field. According to the constitution of ACS, its objective is to advance the excellence in IT field and promote the development of Australian ICT resources. It was founded in 1966, and it primarily operates in Australia (Burmeister, 2013). The ACS has provided a Code of Ethics which is a part of its constitution. All the members of ACS are required to uphold and honour their profession by being a good citizen and adhering to social values. The ACS code of ethics provides six principles which are necessary to be adhered by its members that include the primacy of the public interest, the enhancement of quality of life, honesty, competence, professional development and professionalism (ACS, 2018). The ACS code of ethics focuses on ensuring that ICT professionals are doing their jobs ethical and professional in order to secure publ ic interest (Clarke, 2016). However, many experts argue that the ACS code of ethics is not enough to protect the interest of public and ACS requires updating its principles in order to implement its policies over ICT professional strictly. This essay will focus on critiques of ACS code of ethics by discussing different examples. With the advancement of technology, the role of ICT professionals has grown as well. The ACS code of ethics guide members during ethical dilemmas that they face during personal and professional life. However, there are several criticisms of ACS code of ethics which are provided based on the actions of ICT professional. Taviani (2007) stated that these codes of ethics have no teeth which means that violation of ACS code of ethics did not necessarily result in termination of its members or any punishment at all. Furthermore, the ACS code of ethics is not up-to-date, and they only focus on four traditional areas of concerns which include accessibility, privacy, property and accuracy. Ultimately, ACS code of ethics is unrealistic, vague, self-serving, incomplete, unnecessary and inconsistent. Moreover, ACS code of ethics did not provide provision for a situation in which two or more principles of ethics conflict with each other (Thomas Ahyick, 2010). The ACS code of ethics can give prof essionals the mistaken notion which means that they required following the principles blindly when they are being examined, deliberated, argued and explored for or against the action. For example, recent emission scandal in Volkswagen Company showed the insignificance of the code of ethics and how easily ICT professionals can avoid them to gain an unfair advantage. Another issue with ACS code of ethics is that they are too static, inflexible and detailed for ICT field which is a dynamic sector and it requires a code that can easily be adapted to changing the environment. On the other hand, codes which are too general and flexible are criticised for their failure to provide adequate direction. It is also difficult for ACS to enforce the code of ethics strictly and mostly they are self-serving principles. According to Bowern, Burmeister, Gotterbarn Weckert (2006), there are a number of deficiencies in the ACS code of ethics such as requirement of specific use of code, requirement of review of role and activities of ACS Disciplinary Committee, requirement of consistency between ACS code and ethics and international standards and others (Al-Saggaf Burmeister, 2012). In conclusion, there are a number of issues relating to ACS code of ethics including out-dated principles, lack of enforceability, and static policies. The IT sector is a dynamic fiel d, and it requires a code that is able to change as per changing environment. The ACS is required to update its code of ethics in order to match them with international IT standards. These ethics are based on traditional approach, and they did not provide provisions when two or more principles overlap with each other. Therefore, ACS is requiring analysing and changing its code of ethics to ensure that they are suitable for modern ICT professionals and ethical issues. Critique of Utilitarianism and Rule Utilitarianism The Utilitarianism is referred to an ethical theory which determines right or wrong based on the outcome of a situation rather than based on actions. It provides that beast actions are the ones which focus on maximising utility. In this theory, Utility is defined in various ways, but, generally, it means in terms of the wellbeing of the public (Mill, 2016). The Utilitarianism theory provides that most ethical choices are the once that generate greater good for the greater number. It is a philosophical theory regarding morality or how a person should act in specific situations. The theory has been influencing in past two centuries by providing practical disciplines of politics and economics. However, the theory has been criticized by a number of experts which provides that it is not suitable for modern situations (Kahane, Everett, Earp, Farias Savulescu, 2015). The critique of theory includes impossibility, impracticality, insufficiency and ignoring of the principle of justice. Many experts argue that Utilitarianism theory is just a philosophy which cannot be applied to real-life situations. They provide that the theory is impractical and cannot apply to the ethical dilemma faced by the professional today. This essay will focus on criticising the principle of Utilitarianism theory based on different examples. A fundamental critique of Utilitarianism ethics theory is that it ignores justice. An example was given by H.J. McCloskey who provided that the utilitarianism theory suggests that if framing an innocent person for a crime can result in reducing of pain and riots than it is an optimal choice (Trautmann, 2010). Although an innocent person will suffer, a greater number of people will be protected from pain. Therefore, the Utilitarianism ethics theory ignores the principle of justice for the greater good. Another common criticism of Utilitarianism theory that it is impossible to apply in situations because happiness cannot be measured or quantified, that there is no proper way of calculating the impact of an actions greater good. For example, if a person states that I am happier today than yesterday it would make no sense at all because happiness cannot be compared or measured. Therefore, the Utilitarianism theory is criticised because it is impossible to measure the impact of a greater good on which the theory is based upon. Another key problem with Utilitarianism ethics theory is the impracticality of calculating the utility in different situations (Leuven Visak, 2013). In most ethical situations, it is difficult for a person to calculate utility and decide a beat course of action. It is impossible for a person to analyse and all the possible actions in an ethical dilemma and selects the suitable action which is beneficial for everyone. In high-pressure situations, it is impractical to implement Utilitarianism theory. Another problem with Utilitarianism theory is that strict application of its principles can result in unpalatable consequences. Many experts argue that people can misuse the principle of Utilitarianism theory and use it to their advantage (Hayry, 2013). For example, professionals in organisations can conduct fraud or take deceptive actions by saying that it is for a greater good and it will benefit the shareholders in the long run. Strict implementation can lead to a selfish version of Utilitarianism ethics theory. The provisions of Deontological ethics also contradict the principles of Utilitarianism theory. The Deontological ethical theory determines the ethical nature of a situation by analysing the actions rather than consequences. However, this approach has its critics as well, for example, saying lying is always wrong is an incorrect statement (Wang Chen, 2011). In conclusion, Utilitarianism theory determines the morality of a situation by analysing rightness or wrongness of c onsequences rather than actions. Many experts have provided different critiques of the theory, such as it is impossible for a person to analyse utility in every ethical dilemma, especially in high-pressure situations. The theory did not take into consideration the principle of justice which made it unsuitable morally. It is also impossible to determine happiness or greater good which makes the theory impractical and unsuitable for implementing in ethical dilemmas. References ACS. (2018). Code of Ethics. Retrieved from https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/acs-documents/Code-of-Ethics.pdf Al-Saggaf, Y., Burmeister, O. K. (2012). Improving skill development: an exploratory study comparing a philosophical and an applied ethical analysis technique.Computer Science Education,22(3), 237-255. Bowern, M., Burmeister, O., Gotterbarn, D., Weckert, J. (2006). ICT Integrity: Bringing the ACS Code of Ethics up to date.Australasian Journal of Information Systems,13(2). Burmeister, O. K. (2013). Achieving the goal of a global computing code of ethics through an international-localisation hybrid.Ethical Space,10(4), 25-32. Caron, X., Bosua, R., Maynard, S. B., Ahmad, A. (2016). The Internet of Things (IoT) and its impact on individual privacy: An Australian perspective.Computer law security review,32(1), 4-15. Clarke, R. (2016). Big data, big risks.Information Systems Journal,26(1), 77-90. Graham, M., Haarstad, H. (2014). 4 Transparency and Development: Ethical Consumption through Web 2.0 and the Internet of Things.Open Development: Networked Innovations in International Development,79. 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